The risk of depression in elderly individuals Essay

This nurture aims at investigating whether on that point is signifi fecest contravention amongst dismay and non gloomy individuals level of corporeal performance. The particularize lead carry two groups of role operateers dispirited and non depress groups. Depressed individuals testament be selected on the criteria that an individual has been in the past diagnosed with chronic or acute first gear in whatever of the hospitals in the location while non depressed participant result be people who score never been diagnosed with mental picture in their life time. in forgeation from both groups go out be collected through time series depth psychology where the corporeal activity of the participants leave be monitored terzetto generation a day at regular intervals during the day. This exit be followed by analysis of temporal dynamic for participants among visible activity and slump through investigation of vector autoregressive. Each participant in the vie w provide be required to fill a ego- registration form for 3 times of a day. In addition each participant forget be fitted with accelerometer to monitor their motions to determine their visible activity. The look into result be based in name of the location.Time series draw near will be used for objective comparison in the midst of the two types of the prove groups. This will give adequate averation on the offer depressed individuals and those that atomic number 18 non on the nature of their sensual fitness that reflect direct to their animal(prenominal) activities. Mood of the participants will be calculated development absolute and cast out affect schedule (PANAS Watson, Clark and Tellegen 1988). The positive affects will accommodate the following term as related to the moot active voice, excited, alert, attentive, enthusiastic, determined, eminent, inspired, strong, and proud in addition to happiness (Ingram, 2009). On the other hand negative affects will include afraid, hostile, ashamed, guilty, distressed, guilty, irritable, nervous, jittery, sacred, and scared in addition to sadness (Ingram, 2009). opposite factors contributing to bodily inactivity in both the groups at a lower pop written newspaper will be considered so that a better conclusion on the research question can be reached. Consequently, questionnaires will be a rich tool to examine the past history of the two groups under the choose so as to be able to get flesh out on their animal(prenominal) activities for a given menstruation of time.The data on strong-arm activities between the two groups of people will be entered and canvass using various appropriate statistical tools such as statistical package for social scientists (SPSS). The data will be compared between the participants with falling off and those without so as to determine whether there is significant deflection between patients with depression and those without. Further, depression will be inv estigated whether it affects the physical fitness of a person thus affecting his or her physical activities.Elective consummation descriptionThe elective period will involve data allurement from both the group of participants by use of time series analysis and questionnaires. The data that will be collected will then be analysed using various statistical methods in order to compare the findings in relation to the study question. first is a break that is becoming mutual to populations in the world. It is among the five non-communicable diseases that are prevalent across social caste in societies (Bloom et al, 2011). The burden of the assign has continued to increase twelvemonth and year and it was found recently to be between 10 and 15% globallyThe condition is associated with negative effects to the persona of health and life, which are major determinants of physical activity in patients diagnosed with it (Onat, Delialiolu, & vitamin A Uar, 2014). The main symptoms of depress ion are depression mood and lack of interests in various activities. The depression condition has been linked with physical inactiveness. The physical inactivity has been the major hindrance to depression treatments because of impaired body metabolic processes (Teychenne, Ball, & ampere Salmon, 2008). Therefore, the physical activity presents is an substantial indicator of depressionDepression is caused by environmental, biochemical and genetic factors. round environmental causes include marital conflicts, stress due to loss of employment, last of a close relative, and other social related issues (Chen et al, 2014). Biochemical factors include depletion of monoamine and hormonal imbalances that might be triggered by environmental factors. Genetic factors suffer also been linked to depression where some genes mutations that are inherited in family lineages cause heredity transfer of the condition (Chen et al, 2014). The numerous causes has led to change magnitude incidences of d epression and so there is need to find bearings in which the effect of the condition can be reduced so as to ensure high quality of life and health among populations (Hafslund, Espehaug, & Nortvedt, 2012).It has sanitary been documented that patients with depression experiences physical inactivates. However, much of the studies carried out on the family relationship between depression and physical activities have showed inconsistence (Teychenne et al, 2008). People that have not experienced depression experiences change magnitude physical inactivity that has been related to other causes other than depression. Few studies have been conducted to compare how physical activities differ between these two groups of populations. corporal activity is an chief(prenominal) factor in remission of sin of depressed patients (Dinas, Koutedakis, & Flouris, 2011 Azar et al, 2010). Therefore, it is important to study the physical activity in depressed people and compare it with non depre ssed people. Any significant divagation between the two groups will be important in therapeutical management of depression and thus lowering its burden.This research study investigates whether there is significant difference between depressed and non depressed individual physical activities in name of the location of the study. The population has its own qualitys in terms of social, ethnic and economic characteristics.A problem statement/questionPhysical activity is an important therapeutic consideration in depressed people. However, a couple of(prenominal) studies have been conducted and therefore inadequate data is available to ascertain physical inactivity as one of the factors in depressed people. To contribute more than on this data, the research aim to address the question, if there are difference between depressed and non depressed individuals physical activity. characteristic of the importance/significance of the studyThis study will highly mug audience from medical pr ofession, rehabilitation centre who are particularly gnarly in management of depression, patients suffering from depression, and communities at large. The results of the study will be expected to increase and build on the knowledge on how depression relates to the physical activities thus improving depression management and treatment. The outcome will be important to health profession in making stopping point on what type of management that should be adapted to depressed patients. Moreover, the results will help policy makers in health care system to turn out appropriate policies that will help health care providers to deal with the condition. Therefore, the study will impact positively to health care system. The study will increase knowledge to patients with depression and help them to increase physical activity thus reducing the negative impact of depression. Hence, the study will play an important role in reducing the burden of depression globally. Moreover, this study will fo rm the basis in which other similar studies can be conducted and developed.Hypotheses statementDo depressed and non-depressed individuals differ significantly on their levels of physical activities?The null hypothesis will be there is no significant difference between the depressed and non depressed individual physical activities while the alternative will be that there is significant difference between depressed and non depressed physical activity.Detailed work schemeIn the figure 1 below, the research process will involve reassessment period of two weeks. During the two weeks prior to the study, potential participants will be notified through posters and meetings and the whole procedure of the study communicated so as to prepare them for the whole period. In addition, the period will involve covering fire of depressed participants as detailed below. At the end of the 2 weeks, a sample of 30 depressed and 30 non depressed participants will be drawn. This will be followed by the r esearch process that will hire a period of one month (4 weeks). The actual data accumulation process will take place in this place and the research tools will be employed at this phase. Data analysis processes will take place for a period of 4 weeks, which will be followed by report completion and submission that is estimated that will take place for 2 weeks. This will mark the end of the research study processed.The befuddle will run for one month (30 age) for both groups of individuals. The data will be collected 3 times a day for the immaculate period for both egotism reported reports and questionnaires detailing participants past physical activity. The accelerometers will be inserted to patients for the entire period of the study so as to monitor their movement or motion during the period of the study. A replete(p) of 60 participants will form the study sample. 30 will be depressed patients recruited from outpatient clinic in the name of the hospital. On the other hand, 3 0 non depressed patients will be recruited from the general population who have never been diagnosed with depression.The participants inclusion criteria will involve of age of between 20 and 50 years limit able to complete the whole study for 30 days through filling self reports and wearing accelerometer for 24 hours the entire period. To determine illegibility of depressed participants they will be screened for depressive symptoms using various depression symptomatic protocols such as Beck depressions inventory (Stulz, & Crits-Christoph, 2010). Similarly, non-depressive patients will be assessed using the same diagnostic evaluator to prevent erroneous inclusion of depressed participant in non depressed sample. The importance of carrying out the assessment forrader the study is to ensure that participants are placed correctly in the study groups. On the other hand, the participants will be excluded in the study if they have been diagnosed of Psychotic Disorder or Bipolar Disor der Somatic disorders mainly affecting HPA axis function, or under ANS- Medication, which affects HPA function and visual-hearing impairments, and finally large(predicate) participants will be excluded through carrying out a pregnancy test). The self report will be used to measure depressive symptoms (time analysis series). This will involve a regular measurement at the frequency of three times a day for three months. Self report is an important tool that measures depressed symptoms in a more reliable way thus giving high valid results (Uher et al, 2012). In addition to self report, questionnaires will be used to measure depression symptoms.The data accrual will involve self-filled reports and questionnaires. In addition, readings on accelerometers will be monitored in 24 hours and the readings recorded on self-report for 30 days. Questionnaires that will be conducted inform of interviews are expected to give the outcome of the patients depression history and the physical activit ies. The time series analysis is expected to give details of events and physical activities on time interval that will be recorded in the self-report. The accelerometer is expected to give the results on the motion of the participant throughout the study period. The motion of the participants will be important in determining how active the participant has been during the study.Expected resultsThe outcome of this study is expected to answer the study question. The expected results will be that there is significant difference between depressed and non depressed patients. Depressed patients are expected to show decreased activities while non depressed participants are expected to show increased physical activities thus linking depression to physical inactiveness. Decreased physical is a characteristic of depressed people and therefore, an increase in physical activity in theses people is associated with positive impact of depression by decreasing it. throw for elective periodThe resear ch will involve a period of 30 days to carry the actual study by administering questionnaires, supervise time series analysis, and accelerometer. The other period that will be hardly a(prenominal) weeks will involve data analysis and writing of the project report to finality. This will ensure that the desired objective of the study will be accomplished within the study period.ReferencesAzar, D., Ball, K., Salmon, J., & Cleland, V. J. (2010). Physical activity correlates in young women with depressive symptoms a qualitative study. International journal of behavioral food and physical activity, 7(1), 3.Bloom, D.E., Cafiero, E.T., Jan-Llopis, E., Abrahams-Gessel, S., Bloom, L.R., Fathima, S., Feigl,A.B., Gaziano, T., Mowafi, M., Pandya, A., Prettner, K., Rosenberg, L., Seligman, B., Stein, A.Z., & Weinstein, C. (2011).The Global Economic Burden of Noncommunicable Diseases. geneva World Economic ForumChen, J., Li, X., Natsuaki, M., Leve, L., & Harold, G. (2014). Genetic and Environmental Influences on Depressive Symptoms in Chinese Adolescents. Behavior Genetics, 44(1), 36-44.Dinas, P. C., Koutedakis, Y., & Flouris, A. D. (2011). Effects of exercise and physical activity on depression. Irish journal of medical science, 180(2), 319-325.Hafslund, B., Espehaug, B., & Nortvedt, M. (2012). Health-related quality of life, anxiety and depression related to mammography screening in Norway. Journal Of clinical Nursing, 21(21/22), 3223-3234Ingram, R. E. (2009). The international encyclopedia of depression. New York SpringerLpine, J. P., & Briley, M. (2011). The change magnitude burden of depression. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat, 7(Suppl 1), 3-7.Onat, ., Delialiolu, S., & Uar, D. (2014). The risk of depression in older individuals, the factors which related to depression, the effect of depression to functional activity and quality of life. Turkish Journal Of Geriatrics / Trk Geriatri Dergisi, 17(1), 35-43.Stulz, N., & Crits-Christoph, P. (2010). Dist inguishing anxiety and depression in self-report purification of the beck anxiety inventory and beck depression inventory-II. Journal Of Clinical Psychology, 66(9), 927-940.Teychenne, M., Ball, K., & Salmon, J. (2008). Physical activity and likelihood of depression in adults A review. Prev Med 46, 397-411Uher, R., Perlis, R. H., Placentino, A., Dernovek, M., Henigsberg, N., Mors, O., & Farmer, A. (2012). Self-report and clinician-rated measures of depression severity can one replace the other?. Depression & Anxiety (1091-4269), 29(12), 1043-1049.Watson, D., Clark., L., A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 541063-1070.Source document