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Thursday, January 31, 2019

Evolution of The Catholic Church :: Essays Papers

Evolution of The Catholic perform Over the last thirty years, the roman Catholic Church has undergone changes. These changes range from the position of the Alter to the language of the Mass. This musical composition will illustrate a broad overview of changes in the Catholic Church after the 1960s Before the 1960s, Mass was said in Latin. The priests and the parish twain knew the prayers, songs, and Scriptures in Latin. Around 1965, the Catholic Church realized that the people did not understand all of what they were saying. They began to do the Mass in English. This accessiond officious participation. Today, if a person would want hear a Mass in Latin, they would have to do some traveling. For instance, Our Lady of Mount Carmel offers Latin Masses. A parishioner may go Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, and Friday at 715P.M. or on Thursdays at 1010 A.M. in that location is also a Saturday Mass at eight Oclock A.M. The Sunday schedule is thus, eight oclock and 1030 A.M. For more information, check out their entanglement site. Http//www.archden.org/archden/parishes/pp150.htm Catholic schools have undergone significant changes also. It use to be that it cost aught to go to Catholic schools. Now there is a splendid idea of tuition. Tuition makes it difficult for some families who would want to send their children to Catholic schools. more kids end up in public facilities, for that very reason. Another variation is that the schools use to be run almost completely by nun, brothers, and priests. The institutions implement a very strict dress code. Students were to wear their uniform to class. There is still a dress code, some schools offer a dress-down Friday. On this day, the kids may wear whatever they would like, within reason. Kindergarten is a new luxury. umpteen older people never went to Kindergarten, it was not offered. Years later, you could send your children to a public school for it. Now it is part of the curriculum. It is a very excite attribute. Catholic schools have also experienced a significant increase if enrollment. Sister Catherine T. McNamee states that this years total Catholic School enrollment of 2.

Alternate Energy Sources :: essays research papers

Alternate aptitude ResourcesAs most race know our energy supply is slowly running out. We ar exploitation energy sources that either pollute the air, take up natural resources or cause damage to separate forms of life. Today, we are working on other forms of energy that do not pollute or cause damage to the environment. Here are someMagnetohydrobynamic Power     Magnetohydrobynamic power is where created by plasma. adept way is for floates are heated to really high temperature to where the form plasma. They are held together by strong magnets. This creates the energy. The energy is then cooled to a gas and utilise to turn a turbine (The hot plasma would melt the turbine if it timeworn to turn it.) This is already done is coal combustion research facilities. The instant way is for the plasma molecules to be heated up around temperatures of 5,000,000 C%. The kinetic energy is then extracted by passing through a magnetic field. This produces a strong volt age. The only disadvantages to this power source is the drop of knowledge we have for it. Hopefully, within time, we will learn about this upstart energy source so we mass use it to power the future. concretion Power     Fusion Power is probably the biggest known Alternate Energy Resource. Fusion is the joining of the nuclei of two atoms to form the nucleus of a heavier element. It occurs largely with hydrogen and other take fire elements. Fusion reactions, also called thermonuclear reactions, acquit a great deal of energy. Scientists are save conducting experiments on ways of harnessing Fusion so we can use it as an energy source. zap Power     25% of the energy we use today is used to for indoor(prenominal) lighting. Microwave power is the art of taking light from the lie and use it to light out indoor areas. It can only be used to light up lights though. This currently be done at Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley case Laboratory and is used by several industrial companies. The Berkeley Lab researchers secernate that a single kiosk could be used to replace 30 conventional ceiling fixtures in an open spaced room and still light the room at the same brightness. If this becomes an energy source that we can depend on, you may see it light all of the lights in the world. The downside to this is that scientists delinquent say that if we used this energy source for 1 billion years, to light up the entire world, we would take off 1 year of the suns life.

Wednesday, January 30, 2019

Online Newspapers Over Dinner -- Internet Web News Essays

Online Newspapers everyplace Dinner From accessing newspapers with disclose a subscription to searching for articles and being able to find them with a simple click of a mouse, online newspapers have increasingly evolved over the ago decade, through their convenient sources and new innovations. The following discusses these developments and the reasons for popularity and excessively includes a fictive dinner party conversation between experts on these types of publications. My thoughts of this new media are also explored before and after researching the topic. A drop of sweat trickles put through my talk as I race through my house finalizing plans for the elegant dinner party. Experts from all(a) across the United States will convene at my antechamber for dinner, socialization, and discussion of online newspapers. Not only have I spent weeks bush every white linoleum tile in my kitchen and waxing all the wooden floors in the house, especially in the dining agency, but I also bought a lavish chandelier with glistening crystals hanging down from its frame and porcelain china for a pleasurable dining experience. Actually preparing the food for thought became an entire separate crisis. I knew some of the authors were vegetarians, lactose intolerant, or apparently possessed picky eating habits, so I arranged for vi different entres for the guests to choose from in order to satisfy their hunger. I had never gone so far out of my way to beguile other people, and I prayed that all my hard work and consideration would settle off. My anticipation and anxiety would soon be settled in slight than an hour. By 655, five minutes before expected, my first guests arrived. Shannon E. Martin and Kathleen A. Hansen entered my home, displaying usual librarian and p... ... since the various articles have to be clicked on continuously rather of simply opening to the desired section and they cannot be carried around. Everyones eyeball widened and mouths dropped even at the conclusion of his ideals, as no one knew scarce what to say next. Finally, as everyone began shouting his or her own ideas and beliefs, a sagacious debate turned into a verbal war. Then, Katz, sat up, thanked me for my hospitality, and proceeded to walk out the door, start up his motorcycle and leave. Again, the same eerie silence plagued the room and gradually, each person changed conversation topics over a white coffee cheesecake and hazelnut coffee. About an hour later, all my guests began to leave for the evening. Exhausted and overwhelmed by the evenings events, I sat at the kitchen in scare and wondering how I would ever form an opinion of online newspapers.

Tuesday, January 29, 2019

What Is Extended Family

1. A family group that consists of p atomic number 18nts, children, and other close relatives, generally, its A group of relatives, such as those of three generations actually much lively in close geographic proximity rather than at a lower place the same roof. pot living together as an extended family occasionally feel a greater security and belonging. This is an advantage of extended type of family because this family contains much(prenominal) mutualwealth to serve as resources during crisis and provides more role models for behavior of values. The disadvantage of living in an extended type of family is shouldering more expenses for their basic needs.In umpteen cultures, such as in those of many of the Southern Europeans, Asians, Middle Easterners, Africans, Latin Americans, and Pacific Islanders, extended families are the basic family unit. Cultures in which the extended family is common are generally collectivistic cultures. Complex Family is a generic status for any family structure involving more than two adults. The term can look up to any extended family or to a polygamy of any type. It is often employ to refer to the group marriage form of polygamy. A conjunction family is besides known as a complex family, parents and their childrens families often live under a single roof.This type of family often includes multiple generations in the family. In India, the family is a patriarchal society, with the sons families often staying in the same house. In the joint family setup the workload is equally shared among the members. The women folk are often housewives and cook for the entire family. The patriarch of the family (often the oldest male member) lays down the rules and arbitrates disputes. Other aged(a) members of the class baby sit infants in case their mother is working. They are also responsible in teaching the younger children their mother tongue, dexterity and etiquette.This kind of setup is fast eroding in many separate of the ground especially in India. Most of the urban families are transformation over to the nuclear family society these days. A nuclear family is a household consisting of two married, heterosexual parents and their legal children (siblings), as distinct from the extended family. nuclear families are typical in societies where people must be comparatively mobile &8212 such as hunter-gatherers and industrial societies. Pros And Cons Of Being The Only pip-squeak Being an tho child can be either serious or bad, depending on how you perceive it and how you are brought up by your parents.The advantages could be that you get the undivided love and attention of your parents. They would dote on you more and provide for you more in terms of getting you stuff, toys, etc. Obviously, creation an only child means that your parents have only you to spend the currency on and not have to share it among other siblings. So, youd get more toys than normal, more m cardinaly to spend than normal, more inheritance than normal, and of course more love from your parents than normal. So, in that sense, beingness the only child can be termed as a good thing.As far as disadvantages go, the bittie Emperor Syndrome sums it up perfectly. For those unfamiliar with the term, Little Emperor Syndrome refers to the Chinese feature involving parents and their single child. Of course, all of you would be aware of Chinas one-child policy. Little Emperor Syndrome is an accidental consequence of that policy. This is a situation in which the parents lavish their love, attention, resources on this one child of theirs, and as a result, the child becomes spoilt and, well, behaves like a Little Emperor. This sort of excessive attention and care can screen detrimental in the long term for the child. The child gets used to having everything done, managed, interpreted care of by their parents. When they have to live in the real valet de chambre and face real problems, they might not be able to car e with it. They may lack self-confidence to go out in the world and get things done for themselves. They might feel lost outside of the cocoon that their parents created for them. Being an only child can also be very lonely.They would miss the fun of growing up with a brother or sister. An only child can also grow up to be a selfish adult, i. e. one who thinks primarily of his/her needs over the needs of others. They may also lack in the ability to empathize with others as much as children with siblings. Another potential disadvantage of being an only child could be the excess burden on your shoulders as regards victorious care of your parents, for example. It can take an emotional toll on you, being the only child with all the responsibilities.

Monday, January 28, 2019

ICT and Business Development

ICT and Business victimization In line with the principal(prenominal) priorities set by the URBACT Information nightclub Network, this theme foc intents on worry evolution and the role of ICT as a means of tackling economic restructuring and promoting employment and in doing so fostering well-disposed cohesion and economic inclusion. The purpose of this brief document is to act as a guide for colleagues when preparing material or presentations on this topic and to elicit discussion on the forces raised in it. Business Development and its kin to ICT?Business Development is the process of improvement that enables a employment to make up to a greater extent efficient, profitable, and thereby creating or safeguarding jobs. Business outgrowth hence does non only concern marting and sales de failments, and all separate of a byplay which constitute its value chain and requires effective communion and co-operation within a comp whatever. Over the last 20 years ICT has increa singly been identified as a major contributor to the process of concern development and improvement and it has been identified that ICT . is responsible for around half of productivity growth in modern economies.It drives improved efficiency and give way work and products across the entirety of the private and the public sectors. (Viviane Reding, Member of the European commitment responsible for Information Society). What has been the impact of ICT on Business? The use of ICT and applied science has affected every aspect of business, transforming not only the way that business is conducted but also creating new business sectors and jobs. The creation of companies like Google and e-Bay which did not exist 10 years ago, was only make assertable by advances in applied science and the changes that this has created in the way that nation e oblige ( currently Google is valued at ?44billion Source BBC 5th June 05). Some examples of the nature of this change allow merchandise The use of websites has allowed companies to develop new and cheaper ways of reaching new markets, oblation customers the opportunity of buying goods and services whenever they want and often at trim back cost, whilst also enhancing the level of customer service. This has been coupled with the expansion and use of e-mails which once again has been used by business to market their goods and services directly to dominance customers, as well as communicating with existing customers and suppliers.Increasingly the marketing campaigns of businesses include the use of technologies such as Contact Management Systems that allows them to co-ordinate, monitor and answer for on various aspects of their marketing campaigns in new ways devising these campaigns more targeted and effective. Finance Practically all companies direct use software product programs e. g. Sage or Excel to manage their accounts. This has allowed them to look at fiscal information when required, monitor and respond to their customers purchasing patterns by e. g. offering discounts and boilers suit improve the management of their finances.The upshot of this has been for many companies a reduction in their accountancy fees. Out of business leader working For many businesses the need for faculty to be away from the office attending meetings etc. or to be based in another geographical location has grown on board employee demands for more flexible working patterns. However effective communication and efficacy to approach shot information etc. remains critical to the productivity of these faculty members. Therefore with the use of technology many companies now use a range of technologies to enable this.These include mobile phones, e-mail, broadband, laptops, etc. thus ensuring that companies are able to be flexible and adaptive depending on their business needs. Networks Virtually all businesses now have or have access to a computer. The existence of two or more computers in an office almos t always leads to the creation of a network. The main advantage of doing so is that resources can be shared e. g. printers, internet access, files/information can be managed and shared amongst workstations and the security of information can be better managed through a network.Increasingly networks are not just confined to the office but are being adopted so that they allow home/ unlike working that keeps changing business needs. This transformation has really taken keister over the last 20 years and continues to transform the way business is done. No business today can ignore the use of technology as its effective use helps businesses to remain competitive and profitable, thereby creating or safeguarding jobs. The role of the Public Sector? What is the case for Public Sector intervention if this is already happening?Talking specifically about SMEs, the final field (Feb. 2004) of the European Go Digital Awareness campaign 2001-2003 shows that to help SMEs to Go Digital is still a policy challenge as SMEs remain sceptical about ICT and e-business. This is mainly the result of Their capture of procuring technology has often left an impression that the wrong decision was made as the expected benefits from using new technology have not materialised. This then affects businesses willingness to unless invest in technology and therefore threatens their further competitiveness. The creation of new businesses especially in new industries requires that the right congest and business environment are present.For example the figurehead of Science parking lots, Universities, and Research Centres etc. can help the spread of an innovative grow amongst businesses. In the absence of proper support and the right environment areas/regions risk of exposure losing the jobs and prosperity brought by the creation of new businesses. Procuring technology in itself is not a route to successful business development but requires that supply have the right skills to implement a nd use it effectively. Many of the new technologies and rising or existing businesses are increasing dependant on the presence of a relevant technological infrastructure to support business development e. g. Broadband access. The lack of this infrastructure can undermine business development, therefore damaging competitiveness and jobs. The issues above although not exhaustive are indications of market failure and therefore a challenge to the public sector in defining a role and developing come acrosss/iniatives to address them.Without effective proceeding areas/regions risk falling behind and therefore losing out in call of Developing new businesses in new business sectors made possible by advances in technology Ensuring that businesses by effectively using technology are competitive both locally and globally Ensuring that businesses have the incumbent information and support to develop into new markets Enabling businesses to become more flexible and responsive to the demands of their customers and their stave Developing a workforce with the requirement skills that are demanded in the present and future labour market.How did you develop your confound? Once you have identified a problem or issue then the next stage is to plan actions to overcome or correct these issues. This starts with the planning stage which is a critical component to the success of any show, starting with identifying the need for the project, and includes project time scales, project design, project finance, project partners and resources, project organisation and management etc. What were the key factors in achieving this and what barriers did you have to overcome to do so?Main outcomes of the project to businesses? Over the melody of any project measuring its success is a necessary part of project management, reporting and measuring impact or change. What therefore were the main outcomes of the project and how were they measured? ?Increased or improved use of ICT helped to hav e a fit business activities? ?Increased or improved use of ICT resulted in the development of new services and/or products? ?ICT usage has helped to create new networks at heart and outside the company? The adoption of ICT solutions has lead to the restructuring of working and communication methods in the enterprise? ?New models of working and/new jobs emerged? ?The implementation of e-work helped to integrate people who have been excluded from traditional jobs in the company before? ?The business now understands better the need for staff training? ?Additional jobs and/or the bread and butter of exiting ones as a result of the projects work? Lessons learnt?During the course of any project the experience of delivery often throws up many unforeseen issues, especially when you are dealing with technology, which are a result of internal and external factors. This then leads to lessons learnt which can range from better ways to manage a project through to innovative approaches to prov iding support etc. These lessons learnt are not only of value to the project staff but also for others interested in developing or currently running similar projects.

Saturday, January 26, 2019

The risk of depression in elderly individuals Essay

This nurture aims at investigating whether on that point is signifi fecest contravention amongst dismay and non gloomy individuals level of corporeal performance. The particularize lead carry two groups of role operateers dispirited and non depress groups. Depressed individuals testament be selected on the criteria that an individual has been in the past diagnosed with chronic or acute first gear in whatever of the hospitals in the location while non depressed participant result be people who score never been diagnosed with mental picture in their life time. in forgeation from both groups go out be collected through time series depth psychology where the corporeal activity of the participants leave be monitored terzetto generation a day at regular intervals during the day. This exit be followed by analysis of temporal dynamic for participants among visible activity and slump through investigation of vector autoregressive. Each participant in the vie w provide be required to fill a ego- registration form for 3 times of a day. In addition each participant forget be fitted with accelerometer to monitor their motions to determine their visible activity. The look into result be based in name of the location.Time series draw near will be used for objective comparison in the midst of the two types of the prove groups. This will give adequate averation on the offer depressed individuals and those that atomic number 18 non on the nature of their sensual fitness that reflect direct to their animal(prenominal) activities. Mood of the participants will be calculated development absolute and cast out affect schedule (PANAS Watson, Clark and Tellegen 1988). The positive affects will accommodate the following term as related to the moot active voice, excited, alert, attentive, enthusiastic, determined, eminent, inspired, strong, and proud in addition to happiness (Ingram, 2009). On the other hand negative affects will include afraid, hostile, ashamed, guilty, distressed, guilty, irritable, nervous, jittery, sacred, and scared in addition to sadness (Ingram, 2009). opposite factors contributing to bodily inactivity in both the groups at a lower pop written newspaper will be considered so that a better conclusion on the research question can be reached. Consequently, questionnaires will be a rich tool to examine the past history of the two groups under the choose so as to be able to get flesh out on their animal(prenominal) activities for a given menstruation of time.The data on strong-arm activities between the two groups of people will be entered and canvass using various appropriate statistical tools such as statistical package for social scientists (SPSS). The data will be compared between the participants with falling off and those without so as to determine whether there is significant deflection between patients with depression and those without. Further, depression will be inv estigated whether it affects the physical fitness of a person thus affecting his or her physical activities.Elective consummation descriptionThe elective period will involve data allurement from both the group of participants by use of time series analysis and questionnaires. The data that will be collected will then be analysed using various statistical methods in order to compare the findings in relation to the study question. first is a break that is becoming mutual to populations in the world. It is among the five non-communicable diseases that are prevalent across social caste in societies (Bloom et al, 2011). The burden of the assign has continued to increase twelvemonth and year and it was found recently to be between 10 and 15% globallyThe condition is associated with negative effects to the persona of health and life, which are major determinants of physical activity in patients diagnosed with it (Onat, Delialiolu, & vitamin A Uar, 2014). The main symptoms of depress ion are depression mood and lack of interests in various activities. The depression condition has been linked with physical inactiveness. The physical inactivity has been the major hindrance to depression treatments because of impaired body metabolic processes (Teychenne, Ball, & ampere Salmon, 2008). Therefore, the physical activity presents is an substantial indicator of depressionDepression is caused by environmental, biochemical and genetic factors. round environmental causes include marital conflicts, stress due to loss of employment, last of a close relative, and other social related issues (Chen et al, 2014). Biochemical factors include depletion of monoamine and hormonal imbalances that might be triggered by environmental factors. Genetic factors suffer also been linked to depression where some genes mutations that are inherited in family lineages cause heredity transfer of the condition (Chen et al, 2014). The numerous causes has led to change magnitude incidences of d epression and so there is need to find bearings in which the effect of the condition can be reduced so as to ensure high quality of life and health among populations (Hafslund, Espehaug, & Nortvedt, 2012).It has sanitary been documented that patients with depression experiences physical inactivates. However, much of the studies carried out on the family relationship between depression and physical activities have showed inconsistence (Teychenne et al, 2008). People that have not experienced depression experiences change magnitude physical inactivity that has been related to other causes other than depression. Few studies have been conducted to compare how physical activities differ between these two groups of populations. corporal activity is an chief(prenominal) factor in remission of sin of depressed patients (Dinas, Koutedakis, & Flouris, 2011 Azar et al, 2010). Therefore, it is important to study the physical activity in depressed people and compare it with non depre ssed people. Any significant divagation between the two groups will be important in therapeutical management of depression and thus lowering its burden.This research study investigates whether there is significant difference between depressed and non depressed individual physical activities in name of the location of the study. The population has its own qualitys in terms of social, ethnic and economic characteristics.A problem statement/questionPhysical activity is an important therapeutic consideration in depressed people. However, a couple of(prenominal) studies have been conducted and therefore inadequate data is available to ascertain physical inactivity as one of the factors in depressed people. To contribute more than on this data, the research aim to address the question, if there are difference between depressed and non depressed individuals physical activity. characteristic of the importance/significance of the studyThis study will highly mug audience from medical pr ofession, rehabilitation centre who are particularly gnarly in management of depression, patients suffering from depression, and communities at large. The results of the study will be expected to increase and build on the knowledge on how depression relates to the physical activities thus improving depression management and treatment. The outcome will be important to health profession in making stopping point on what type of management that should be adapted to depressed patients. Moreover, the results will help policy makers in health care system to turn out appropriate policies that will help health care providers to deal with the condition. Therefore, the study will impact positively to health care system. The study will increase knowledge to patients with depression and help them to increase physical activity thus reducing the negative impact of depression. Hence, the study will play an important role in reducing the burden of depression globally. Moreover, this study will fo rm the basis in which other similar studies can be conducted and developed.Hypotheses statementDo depressed and non-depressed individuals differ significantly on their levels of physical activities?The null hypothesis will be there is no significant difference between the depressed and non depressed individual physical activities while the alternative will be that there is significant difference between depressed and non depressed physical activity.Detailed work schemeIn the figure 1 below, the research process will involve reassessment period of two weeks. During the two weeks prior to the study, potential participants will be notified through posters and meetings and the whole procedure of the study communicated so as to prepare them for the whole period. In addition, the period will involve covering fire of depressed participants as detailed below. At the end of the 2 weeks, a sample of 30 depressed and 30 non depressed participants will be drawn. This will be followed by the r esearch process that will hire a period of one month (4 weeks). The actual data accumulation process will take place in this place and the research tools will be employed at this phase. Data analysis processes will take place for a period of 4 weeks, which will be followed by report completion and submission that is estimated that will take place for 2 weeks. This will mark the end of the research study processed.The befuddle will run for one month (30 age) for both groups of individuals. The data will be collected 3 times a day for the immaculate period for both egotism reported reports and questionnaires detailing participants past physical activity. The accelerometers will be inserted to patients for the entire period of the study so as to monitor their movement or motion during the period of the study. A replete(p) of 60 participants will form the study sample. 30 will be depressed patients recruited from outpatient clinic in the name of the hospital. On the other hand, 3 0 non depressed patients will be recruited from the general population who have never been diagnosed with depression.The participants inclusion criteria will involve of age of between 20 and 50 years limit able to complete the whole study for 30 days through filling self reports and wearing accelerometer for 24 hours the entire period. To determine illegibility of depressed participants they will be screened for depressive symptoms using various depression symptomatic protocols such as Beck depressions inventory (Stulz, & Crits-Christoph, 2010). Similarly, non-depressive patients will be assessed using the same diagnostic evaluator to prevent erroneous inclusion of depressed participant in non depressed sample. The importance of carrying out the assessment forrader the study is to ensure that participants are placed correctly in the study groups. On the other hand, the participants will be excluded in the study if they have been diagnosed of Psychotic Disorder or Bipolar Disor der Somatic disorders mainly affecting HPA axis function, or under ANS- Medication, which affects HPA function and visual-hearing impairments, and finally large(predicate) participants will be excluded through carrying out a pregnancy test). The self report will be used to measure depressive symptoms (time analysis series). This will involve a regular measurement at the frequency of three times a day for three months. Self report is an important tool that measures depressed symptoms in a more reliable way thus giving high valid results (Uher et al, 2012). In addition to self report, questionnaires will be used to measure depression symptoms.The data accrual will involve self-filled reports and questionnaires. In addition, readings on accelerometers will be monitored in 24 hours and the readings recorded on self-report for 30 days. Questionnaires that will be conducted inform of interviews are expected to give the outcome of the patients depression history and the physical activit ies. The time series analysis is expected to give details of events and physical activities on time interval that will be recorded in the self-report. The accelerometer is expected to give the results on the motion of the participant throughout the study period. The motion of the participants will be important in determining how active the participant has been during the study.Expected resultsThe outcome of this study is expected to answer the study question. The expected results will be that there is significant difference between depressed and non depressed patients. Depressed patients are expected to show decreased activities while non depressed participants are expected to show increased physical activities thus linking depression to physical inactiveness. Decreased physical is a characteristic of depressed people and therefore, an increase in physical activity in theses people is associated with positive impact of depression by decreasing it. throw for elective periodThe resear ch will involve a period of 30 days to carry the actual study by administering questionnaires, supervise time series analysis, and accelerometer. The other period that will be hardly a(prenominal) weeks will involve data analysis and writing of the project report to finality. This will ensure that the desired objective of the study will be accomplished within the study period.ReferencesAzar, D., Ball, K., Salmon, J., & Cleland, V. J. (2010). Physical activity correlates in young women with depressive symptoms a qualitative study. International journal of behavioral food and physical activity, 7(1), 3.Bloom, D.E., Cafiero, E.T., Jan-Llopis, E., Abrahams-Gessel, S., Bloom, L.R., Fathima, S., Feigl,A.B., Gaziano, T., Mowafi, M., Pandya, A., Prettner, K., Rosenberg, L., Seligman, B., Stein, A.Z., & Weinstein, C. (2011).The Global Economic Burden of Noncommunicable Diseases. geneva World Economic ForumChen, J., Li, X., Natsuaki, M., Leve, L., & Harold, G. (2014). Genetic and Environmental Influences on Depressive Symptoms in Chinese Adolescents. Behavior Genetics, 44(1), 36-44.Dinas, P. C., Koutedakis, Y., & Flouris, A. D. (2011). Effects of exercise and physical activity on depression. Irish journal of medical science, 180(2), 319-325.Hafslund, B., Espehaug, B., & Nortvedt, M. (2012). Health-related quality of life, anxiety and depression related to mammography screening in Norway. Journal Of clinical Nursing, 21(21/22), 3223-3234Ingram, R. E. (2009). The international encyclopedia of depression. New York SpringerLpine, J. P., & Briley, M. (2011). The change magnitude burden of depression. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat, 7(Suppl 1), 3-7.Onat, ., Delialiolu, S., & Uar, D. (2014). The risk of depression in older individuals, the factors which related to depression, the effect of depression to functional activity and quality of life. Turkish Journal Of Geriatrics / Trk Geriatri Dergisi, 17(1), 35-43.Stulz, N., & Crits-Christoph, P. (2010). Dist inguishing anxiety and depression in self-report purification of the beck anxiety inventory and beck depression inventory-II. Journal Of Clinical Psychology, 66(9), 927-940.Teychenne, M., Ball, K., & Salmon, J. (2008). Physical activity and likelihood of depression in adults A review. Prev Med 46, 397-411Uher, R., Perlis, R. H., Placentino, A., Dernovek, M., Henigsberg, N., Mors, O., & Farmer, A. (2012). Self-report and clinician-rated measures of depression severity can one replace the other?. Depression & Anxiety (1091-4269), 29(12), 1043-1049.Watson, D., Clark., L., A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 541063-1070.Source document

Friday, January 25, 2019

Public Speaking – Friends and Friendship.

HPD 111 PUBLIC SPEAKING face MOHD HAFIZAN BIN MOHAMAD SAH 2010319793 OUTLINE TOPIC Friends and admirership. OUTLINE Specific Purpose To communicate my audience ab forbidden who atomic number 18 friend, and what is friendship. Central Idea friends are spate whom will always be at your side whenever you requirement to posit or share your feeling and do virtually activities with them. Introduction I. It was a few years ago when I saw a aggroup of teenagers do well-nigh bully to a teenager. However, that teenager didnt address their activities to police but he got back up by some other teenagers whose are his friend came to elp him out. II. When I saw this incident, I forego learnt that friends are essential whenever we are in pinch. III. They could protagonist oneself us out whenever we in serious trouble. IV. Today, I would like to inform you about friend and friendship. (Transition Lets start with the first point about friendship. ) eubstance I. association is a ble ssing for us. A. Friends will help us whenever we are in a pinch. 1. True friends will help us from whatsoever trouble. 2. Friends will challenge us to attain our original limits with encouragement when we allow ourselves not to go beyond our easonable boundaries. B. They will cheer us when were sorrowful or depressed. 1. Friends will motivate us when were arrange to slip away in, and they can provide for us when life falls apart. 2. knowledge is a blessing, and a friend is the channel through whom great emotional, spiritual, and sometimes even physical blessings flow. (Transition Now you knew that friendship is like blesses to us, lets look about the other meaning of friendship. ) II. Friendship is everlasting consanguinity. A. Friendship is the only everlasting feature in the world. 1.Friends will try to invent new ways to make you not to fall into depression. 2. Friends can similarly make us realised that depression wont help us from solving any trouble. B. Friendship will grow soft as we experienced new things with friends and it will not be upstage easily. 1. They will find innovative ways to stop us from falling, failing and try to get help to lift us up. 2. They will spread us some good advice to rebuild strength on go about any troubles. (Transition Given there about everlasting friendship, Im sure you want to know whats next. ) III.Friendship will give us courage to go through life. A. Friends, they are the only solution of our brave hearts. 1. Friends will make us show more efforts and spirits when doing something that we cant do before. 2. Friends will come to us to help us solve our problems. B. Friendship is one of our sources to become brave objet dart making some activities that need more courage. 1. Friendship gives courage to our headland and body. 2. Friends will help us to escape from big troubles. Conclusion I. As we have look through there are lots things to conceptualise about friends and friendship. II.Friends are the most precious treasure to us and we need to keep it in good condition. III. In case of getting some friends, you need to find the loyal friends in your life so that your relationship will become worthy at the end. Bibliography Albert, Prakash (2010). Friends and Friendship Who are friends, and what are friendship. Lepp, Ignace (1966). The Ways of Friendship. New York The Macmillan Company. LAbate, Luciano (2007). Friendship, social support, and health. Low-cost approaches to promote physical and psychological health Theory, research, and practice. (pp. 455472). xxii, 526 pp. New York.

Thursday, January 24, 2019

The Warriors of Ancient Sparta

The Warriors of Ancient Sp artworka Sparta, also known as Lacedaemon, was an antediluvian patriarch Greek city-state located primarily in the present-day region of Confederate Greece called Laconia. Life was very different in ancient Sparta than it was in the reside of ancient Greek city-states. The graves were proud, tierce, capable struggleriors. No great works ot art came out ot Sparta. But the dangerouss, both men and women, were tough, and the Greeks admired strength.The population of Sparta consisted of troika main groups the Spartans, or Spartlates, who were full citizens the Helots, or serfs/slaves and the Perioeci, who were neither laves nor citizens. The Perioeci, whose name instrument d tumesceers-around, worked as craftsmen and traders, and built weapons for the Spartans. In Greek mythology the founder ot the city was Lacedaemon, a son ot Zeus, who gave hls name to the region and his wifes name to the city.Sparta was also an Important element of the Greek force w hich fought In the Trojan War. Indeed, the Spartan king Menelaos started the war after the Trojan prince Paris kidnapped his wife Helen, offered to Paris by the goddess Aphrodite as a prize for choosing her in a beauty contest against sheik oddesses Athena and Hera. Helen was said to have been the most beautiful woman In Greece and Spartan women In general enjoyed a reputation not all tor good looks but also spirited Independence.All healthy male Spartan citizens participated In the mandatory state-sponsored education system, the Agoge, which emphasized obedience, endurance, cour be on and self-control, but more on that later. Spartan men devoted their lives to military service, and lived to returnher well into adulthood. A Spartan was taught that loyalty to the state came before everything else, including nes tamlly. The Helots, whose name government agency captives, were fellow creeks, orlglnally from Laconia and Messenia, who had been taken over by the Spartans and turned Int o slaves.The Spartans way of support would not have been possible without the Helots, who did all the day-to-day tasks and unskilled push required to keep society going They were domestic servants, remotemers, military attendants and nurses. hostile such Greek city-states as Athens, a center for the arts, learning and philosophy. Sparta was tocused on a warrior culture. Male Spartan citizens were allowed only one ccupation to be a solider. This lifestyle began early. Spartan boys started their military training at age 7, when they leftover home and entered the Agoge. The boys lived collectively under grim conditions.They were subjected to continual physical competitions (which could lease violence), given little to no rations and expected to become skilled at stealing food, among other survival skills Spartans, who were outnumbered by the Helots, often treated them cruelly and repressively In an ettort to prevent uprisings. Spartans would humiliate the Helots by doing such thi ngs as orcing them to get drunk on wine and then make fools of themselves In public. (This drill was also intended to demonstrate to young people how an adult Spartan should never act, as self-control was a prized trait. Methods of abuse could be far more extreme Spartans were allowed to kill Helots for being too smart or too fit, among other reasons. The teenage boys who demonstrated the most leadership electromotive force were selected for participation In the cryptela, which acted as a secret murder those who were troublemakers. At age 20, Spartan males became full-time oldiers, and remained on active duty until age 60. The Spartans constant military drilling and discipline make them skilled at the ancient Greek style of fghting in a phalanx formation.In the phalanx, the troops worked as a unit in a close, deep formation, and made coordinated mass maneuvers. No one soldier was considered superior to another. liberation into battle, a Spartan soldier, or hoplite, wore a large bronze helmet, breastplate and ankle guards, and carried a round shield made of bronze and wood, a long spear and sword. Spartan warriors were also known for their long cop and red cloaks. Spartan women had a reputation for being independent-minded, and enjoyed more freedoms and source than their counterparts throughout ancient Greece.While they played no role in the military, feminine Spartans often received a formal education, although separate from boys and not at boarding schools. In part to attract mates, females engaged in acrobatic competitions, including Javelin-throwing and wrestling, and also sang and danced competitively. As adults, Spartan women were allowed to own and manage property. Additionally, they were typically unencumbered by domestic responsibilities such as ooking, cleaning and making clothing, tasks which were handled by the helots.

Tuesday, January 22, 2019

The effects and implications of using ergogenic aids for exercise and sports performance

end-to-end the history of sport, ergogenic aids strike always been taken to enhance action at sport. However, in to a greater extent recent times physiological companionship has modifyd and there be some(prenominal) to a greater extent ergogenic aids bonny available for athletes. Some of these aids atomic number 18 sanctioned and some atomic number 18 illegal. therefore, when working as a coach, it is important to neck which ar legal and which are illegal so that you dope avoid any endangerment of your athlete organismness prosecuted.One ergogenic aid that is prohibited is logical argument doping. This entrust involves the athletes taking a certain amount of blood out of their tree trunk and frozen. Their bodies depart then make up for this blood loss and later on that process is fatten out, the blood that they alsok out is injected back into them. This process has a substantiating font on sports performance as the consider of red blood cells in your bod y is increased. Blood doping is most commonly utilise by endurance athletes, much(prenominal) as distance runners, skiers and cyclists. By increasing the number of red blood cells within the blood, prouder(prenominal) volumes of haemoglobin are present. hemoglobin binds to and carries Oxygen from the lungs and to the muscles where it can be used for aerophilous respiration. Blood doping then allows spear carrier Oxygen to be transported to the working muscles, resulting in a higher level of performance, without the use of the anaerobic energy systems.However, there are in addition many side set up to blood doping. Re injecting blood can movement many problems. Firstly it can easily try transmission to the athlete which can result in nerve centre problems such as a content attack. It can in like port cause blood clots in the body which can be fatal, jaundice which is the skin, eyes and body fluids tour yellow.One standard of blood doping being used was at the wintert ime Olympics. Six Austrian skiers had all been found to be development to using blood doping in an attempt to improve in the cross field skiing point. The skiers were called Wolfgang Perner and Wolfgang Rottmann and the cross-country skiers Martin Tauber, Jurgen Pinter, Johannes Eder, Roland Diethart and Christian Hoffmann. This particular event is an aerobic event as it lasts for a long time, with the competitors portion outing huge distances. in that respectfore the extra red blood cells in their bodies would have meant that they were able to go on much longer and faster than they would normally be able to. As a punishment, all six skiers were banned for life from the OlympicsA reciprocal ohm example of a prohibited ergogenic aid in sport is diuretics. Diuretics are banned in sports because they can second with free cargo loss and could also be used to speed up the elimination of drugs from the system. This can be really helpful to athletes competing in many different sp orts such as boxing, horse racing or rowing. One example would be a boxer that has put on weight between fights and is therefore too heavy for the weight category they are fighting in. Diuretics would help them to nod off weight much more quickly than by natural centre and they would be able to pass the weigh in.They help the sportsperson lose weight by increasing the volume of urine produced by promoting the excretion of salts and body of pissing from the kidney. This results in them losing a lot of peeing finished urine, which causes them to lose weight very quickly. The second reason they are banned is, if you take a banned substance that is excreted through urine, it could speed up the elimination of drugs from the system. If it is being used in this way, it is non so much an aid to improve performance but could cover up for another prohibited aid.There are two main side effects to diuretics that damage a persons performance levels in sport. The first of these is dehydrat ion. Diuretics work by removing all purposeless water and this means that dehydration often occurs. This will immediately have an effect on sports performance. Firstly, blood will become thicker and therefore more difficult to pump around the body, resulting in less type O being carried through the blood to the muscles. The body will then overheat callable to an inability to sweat because of dehydration. Finally, Waste products such as lactic tart are not discreeted due to water conversation. A second effect on sports performance is muscles weakening, which is very important for sports people such as boxers. This is due to the poor blood supply to muscles.An example of the consequences that diuretics can cause is in boxers. They used to have the weigh in on the twenty-four hours of the fight. This meant that any boxer using diuretics would have to use them on the alike(p) day as they were fighting. The diuretics would get rid of any excess water in the body but the problem was that it took away the layer of water between the skull and the brain. This layer of liquid protects the brain from hitting the side of the skull when knocked. Therefore, without this protection, many boxers developed brain damage after eld of boxing. some other prohibited ergogenic aid is beta blockers. Beta blockers are banned in many sports due to their ability to slow the heart rate. It is precision sports such as snooker, darts and diving that they improve performance in as they give you more oblige over slight movements.Beta blockers are normally given for the treatment of angina, high blood pressure, irregular heart beats or following a heart attack. They act by interfering and inhibiting certain nerve impulses being transmitted through the tense system. They act by reducing the demand of oxygen required by the heart, lower heart rate and reduce the production of adrenalin.There are many viable side-effects of these drugs, but some people may not suffer from any. Possible effects include dizziness and fainting caused by the medications arduous heart rate too much and blood vessels can determine causing cold and pale fingers and toes.On the other hand, there are also permitted ergogenic aids. This means that they can improve sports performance, but are settle down allowed by governing bodies of sports. One example of this is altitude fosterage. superlative gentility is very useful to any sports people that are competing in aerobic events. Many long distance runners either come from countries at high altitude or move there to train.Altitude readiness works because when the athlete trains at high altitude, there is very little oxygen in the air. The body soon adapts to this change of oxygen available and produces more red blood cells than normal. This means that there is increased haemoglobin levels in the blood that arent lost when the athlete returns back to lower altitude to compete. These effects usually last for about two weeks after altitu de training and result in much better endurance levels.There are very few side effects to altitude training as long as athletes do not over train themselves at altitude. It has been scientifically proven to have positive effects on performance.Altitude training is proven to have a positive effect on clean-living performance b the Kenyan long distance runners. For years they have dominated all long distance running events. Kenya is at a very high altitude and the effects that the athletes get from training in their home country is proven in the times on the track.Another permitted ergogenic aid is psychological techniques. The increased stress of competitions can cause athletes to react both physically and mentally in a manner that can negatively affect their performance abilities. They may become tense, their heart rates race, break into sweat, worry about the outcome of the competition or find it hard to concentrate on the task in hand.There are many different psychological techni ques that can be used to combat these effects on the body. These include imagery techniques, relaxation techniques and finale setting. There are three psychological factors which athletes must have hear over to improve performance. These are confidence, control and commitment.Confidence is improved through mental imagery. Using imagery, the athlete is able to imagine a foregoing good performance, remembering how they felt and acted. It also allows you to imagine yourself winning at the end, feeling like you have already been in the same speckle and improving confidence. Control is improved through relaxation techniques. An example of a relaxation technique is through meditation. If athletes complete meditation before competing, they will be able to be much more relaxed and have control over what they are doing. The final technique that athletes can use is design setting, which can improve commitment in sport. If they are given something to contain for, with multiple small aims along the way, they are more likely to complete any objectives they have.There are no side effects to psychological techniques as long as they have the necessary skills to complete them.An example of psychological skills improving performance in sport is through knot Wilkinson. Whenever he is kicking a conversion, he pictures an elderly woman rest at the other side of the goal posts that catches the ball. This improves confidence and concentration as it makes the task at hand seem much simpler.One of the very few drugs that is allowed my governing bodies of all sports is paracetamol. These have been seen to not improve sporting performance and therefore are not banned. However, they could be used to help a performance in certain sports.Paracetamol work as incommode in the neck killers. Therefore, any sport that requires its participants to go through pain may pull in from paracetamol. One example of a sport where athletes go through pain in is boxing. If boxers took some parac etamol before going out to fight, it is possible that it will help cover some of the pain when they are acquiring punched. They are most commonly used for aches such as manoeuvre aches so they may also stop the boxers from getting gunpoint aches after being punched.It is not just contact sports however that learn with aches and pains. Nearly all sports at the top level require its participants to vim their bodies to their absolute limit and through the pain barrier. A sport such as long distance running for example will cause a lot of aches on the athletes body and paracetamol will help cover these.There are very few side effects to paracetamol as they are widely used by everyone to stop pains. This means that we know more about the dangers than we would of a new drug that may be illegal, as it is used by less people. The only danger would be if the athlete took an overdose which could cause serious problems or be fatal.

Monday, January 21, 2019

Danteâۉ„¢s Inferno Essay

On the evening of Good Friday in the year 1300, Dante is travelling through a forest, when he gets lost. In the morning, he finds a mountain and tries to climb it, but is stopped by a lion, a wolf, and a leopard. The spirit of the poet Virgil appears and offers to take him to the top of the mountain to promised land when his love, Beatrice, is, but the way starting line leads through Hell. Virgil and Dante enter through the supply of Hell and see a crowd of people along the banks of the river. Virgil tells Dante these be the souls who neither sinned nor worshipped paragon, and argon in that respectfore rejected by two Heaven and Hell. Charon takes them across the river. The Second order is guarded by Minos and is the first of four springs in which souls are punished. In the Second Circle, the souls of the red-blooded are blown ab prohibited by never-ending winds. In the trinity Circle, the souls of the gluttons are soaked by heavy rain and clawed by the three-headed dog, Cerberus. Continuing downwards, they meet the entrance to the Fourth Circle, which holds the greedy. These souls must charge at each other(a) with boulders repeatedly.Virgil and Dante next proceed to f the city of Dis. Dis is a city within the larger region of Hell, however the demon guards abnegate to informal the gates. A messenger arrives from Heaven to force the gates open for Dante and Virgil. The Sixth Circle of Hell holds the Heretics, and in this circle that Dante encounters Farinata, a contend political leader. A deep valley leads into the showtime Ring of the genius-seventh Circle of Hell, where there are three inner rings. The first is where those who were ruffianly toward others spend timelessness in a river of boiling blood. The flake ring is for those who were violent toward themselves, and the third ring is for those who were violent toward God. The monster Geryon transports Virgil and Dante across a smashing abyss to the Eighth Circle of Hell, known as Mal ebolge, Here, there are overly many layers. The first is for the panderers and seducers, who receive lashings from whips. The second is where the flatterers must lie in a river of human feces. The simoniacs in the third layer hang upside down in baptismal fonts era their feet burn with fire.The fourth layer is for the astrologists and diviners, who are forced to walk with their heads on backward. In the fifth layer, those who clear accepted bribes are torn unconnected by demons. In the sixth layer, the hypocrites must walk in circles for timelessness while wearing robes of lead. In the seventh layer, thieves sit in a pit of vipers and turn to vipers when bitten, and then regain their human form when they incinerate another thief. In the eighth layer, Dante speaks to Ulysses who will spend forever with those criminal of Spiritual Theft. In the ninth layer, those of scandal walk in a circle with wounds that open and close repeatedly. In the tenth and final layer, falsifiers get from plagues and diseases of all kinds. Through the Giants Well, Virgil and Dante proceed to the Ninth Circle of Hell, which leads to a great frozen lake named Cocytus. Virgil and Dante are picked up and placed in the lowest region of Hell by the giant Antaeus.Like the previous Circles, the Ninth Circle of Hell also contains numerous different inner Rings. In the First Ring, those who betrayed their kin stand frozen to their necks in the lake. In the Second Ring, those who betrayed their bucolic stand frozen to their heads. However, those who betrayed their guest are destined to spend infinity lying on their back in the frozen lake in the trine Ring. In the Fourth and final ring of the Ninth Circle of Hell, an eternity in complete icy submersion is given to those who betrayed their friends. In the revolve near of this circle is the three-headed Lucifer. His body comes from the center of the Earth where he fell when God sent him down from Heaven. In each of Lucifers mouths are Judas, Cassius, and Brutus. Virgil instructs Dante to climb down Lucifer, and travel out of Hell and back onto Earth. They provide to Earth on easterly morning.AnalysisIn the first canto, Dante uses the no-count forest to express the flaws he saw in the world around him at the time Inferno was written. Also, when Dante encounters the leopard, the lion, and the she-wolf. The leopard represents fraud, the lion represents pride, and the she-wolf represents incontinence. Dante is most affected by the presence of the she-wolf because, while incontinence is the least severe category of sin, it is the adept to which he is most susceptible.Christian symbolism is extremely prevalent end-to-end Inferno, and it is first introduced in the second canto. Hell is not just set forth as the underworld, but a place where sinners are punished for eternity. In the inscription on the gates into Hell, each part of the Trinity is represented. The dominance divine represents God the Father, the wisdom supreme is Christ, and the primal love is the consecrate Spirit. Along these same lines, the use of the Trinity is also used in the last canto, when we are introduced to the three-headed Lucifer. The three heads could represent the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit as well.In the fourth canto, Dante explains that Limbo is for those who have not been baptized, thus addressing one of the great moral problems of Christianity. Baptism is considered necessary to go to Heaven, but it does not look fair that people who do not know of Christianity should suffer for something they have no control over. Dante takes care of this problem by keeping those who are not Christian in Hell, but giving them a ofttimes less painful fate by giving them eternity in Limbo.The timeframe of Dantes Inferno is extremely relevant in terms of Christianity. Dante begins his go through Hell on Good Friday and emerges and returns to Earth on Easter day. This means that he was dead for the time period fol lowing the crucifixion of Christ, and he has risen with him.To look further into the other religions represented in Inferno, the tower in the city of Dis that Dante refers to is a mosque, to further emphasize that anyone who does not believe in Christianity is a nonbeliever and should be in Hell. It is also interesting to look at the role Dante plays throughout Inferno. Throughout, it is clear that Beatrice has unploughed a careful eye on Dantes progress and is wide-awake to intervene when necessary to ensure that he gets to her. In the first canto, when Dante is lost, Beatrice sends Virgil to head up him, and when Virgil and Dante are not admitted into Dis, Beatrice sent a messenger to let them in.Without Beatrice, Dante would be lost. She is the only reason he has a chance at making it to Heaven. Dante faints and weeps numerous times, further indicating his weakness and his reliance on Beatrice and Virgil. He expresses awe of the wild beasts in the first canto and of many of the other demons in the other circles. These weaknesses emphasize how little he does for himself. He follows the path that is laid out for him by Beatrice and Virgil, and does nothing more than that. In many contexts, Dante is held as a hero, but he is really just relying on others.

Friday, January 18, 2019

Advantages and disadvantages of technology Essay

Through step up history, technological innovations start kayoed helped humankind improve their standards of living, beginning with the innocent invention of b wiz tools of prehistoric times, continuing on to and beyond sophisticated air conditi unmatchedrs, auto prompts, and super computers. Nowadays, when the rapidness of development and research is so remark subject, it is easy to think of ab place the proceedss of modern engine room. engine room has come a long counselling of deportment from floppy disk, to CDs, and at a time saving association on flash drives and clouds. Although genuinely helpful technology has its advantages and, disadvantages for certain lot jobs that argon at risk. applied science today has made life better in modern nightspot so much that wad intrust on it more than valet de chambre at times. Modern technology helps simplify life in so both(prenominal)(prenominal) slipway such as parley like photo ragting which is much more conveni ent. A nonher way technology helps people is in business, it helps boost efficiency and productivity in spurt atomic number 18a. Businesses afford unified modern technology in their production linage, around of the t exclusively(prenominal) work has become so sincere and fast its results ar better than of humans. This population goes through entirelyot of changes as time goes on beca intent of improvements this world is graceful more efficient and productive. Technology even helps save m sensationy in the long so-and-sodidature with fuel, communication, and electricity. Technology helps catch up with life for humans so much easier one extype Ale is through electronic mail. A quick email stick out be done and sent out within proceedings rather than writing a letter and waiting days for a response. Opportunities that technology ho in evolves and accomplishes drop non hardly save time exclusively again save money in the long run. Electronics are high-ticket(pren ominal) except worth it when it comes to qualification life more convenient. An otherwise(a) advantage for these gadgets the mistakes that humans generate can be reduced with the practise of technology like automated bill pay.Advantages and Disadvantages of Technology try outThe wandering(a) speech sound has many advantages and disadvantages. It is easy to contact friends and family. Since the first wandering(a) was created we waste been satisfactory to draw off c on the whole(prenominal)s to any adorn in the world by the wienerwurst of a button. You are able to get in put forward with people just about 24/7. You induct approach to constant internet. Having the internet at your finger tips any time you need it has many advantages. Need to ascend out want time a movie is on in the movie ho habit? No problem. Need to scent up the number of a eating place you fancy having dinner at? save habituate your foretell. A mobile scream is an all in one device. Havin g music, a camera, GPS, resound and mini laptop all in one device is handy. Nowadays we economic consumption our bids as our calculator, flashlight and autotype machine. Many people do non even own a camera anymore as who involve one when you can high quality shots with you camera squall. roving screams likewise allow us to facetime or Skype family and friends. Skype and facetime allow us to deal our friends and family members no matter where they are in the world. These apps too allow you to choose amid making a scene and a vocalisation call. You can colligate with anyone else who has internet connection. People survived for categorys without carrying a tele shout out with them. Its decorous a neces presenty for people to carry portable skirts with them. Having a phone which is portable is handy for those situations where you break down on a ground road a portable phone can help make sure you are never stuck. Phones nowadays work al close to e very(prenominal) where, in that respect are very few locations where phones dont work.Read more Advantages and Disadvantages of Technology Es hypothecateA phone helps ensure business people are al ways in touch with their clients and those who they need to piffle to the right way away, from work or even at stead. A portable phone works if charged during power outs, later on accidents or whenever an emergency arises, a phone can be a lifesaver. Portable phones are turn entertainment on the go. From television and movie downloads to games. Portable phones are nifty for helping people organize their lives. Some phones can handle netmail lecturees, appointments and more. Its like carrying a personal computer with you on the go.Mobile phones do so much that we find ourselves glued to them almost every day instead of people interacting with each other they sit with their eye stuck to their phones having virtual conversations instead of real ones. When trying to do work it is hard to conce ntrate when at that place is a mobile sitting staring at you as the temptation to have a look on facebook or other websites is immense. Mobile phones can actually cost lives when drivers, foc apply on their mobile phones lose laterality of their vehicles and coiffe major accidents. Not as heartbreaking but you could fall down stairs, trip or run into whatsoeverthing or someone when youre stuck on facebook. most(prenominal) phones nowadays have countersigns on them but if you leave your phone unlocked and someone gets a hold of it them all your lucubrate are exposed your contacts, messages, social media accounts and whitethornhap even your bank details. thus far if your phone is protected with a password a hacker can still access your information if they real want to. There is a lot of register that mobile phones cause damage to the brain. Phones produce radiation and should not be left mount you when dormancy. They also affect a lot of peoples sleeping patterns which result in sleeplessness and insomnia. Many people like to be constantly upgraded with the newest phone. Some people want a different phone every month, as well as all the accessories that are now on the market for each mobile phone. Also what is the point of a phone without credit? Mobile phones are bottomless money pits.The land line also has many advantages and disadvantages. A landline always has coverage making it totally reliable and easy to access in the case of an emergency. In case of an unfortunate event of an earthquake or landslide, the mobile phone receives no network while the landline stays active. The reliability of a land line makes them opportune when it comes to emergencies. For ex adenosine monophosphatele, if someone is hurt and needs adjacent medical care, you do not have to come to about low reception. Landlines also provide a fixed location that emergency responders can rush to. If in that location is no power and a mobile phone dies, the user is without a phone completely if there is no landline attached to a wired phone.A landline home phones leave alone rescue a user when their mobile phone dies. The larger size of a landline phone allows you to more easily cradle the phone betwixt your head and shoulder. In general, landlines are much less expensive than mobile phones. The setup costs, hardware costs and calling costs of mobile phones are all typically higher. Most landline service providers offer free local calls. Keeping a landline at home can help reduce your phone bill and allow you to talk as long as you want without worrying about rack up charges.Landlines do not meet the needs of people today. Most people spend more time outside the home. Using their mobile phone allows freedom from checking the home recorder for messages. Nowadays if someone is waiting on an important call they do not have to sit at home and wait for the call. They can enthrall and receive calls from anywhere there is phone service. A landline is not portable and it cannot journey with you. Landline service only works inside the home and it also limits the callers ability to move around while on a call. Landline services offer fewer options than mobile phone services. Many mobile phone companies include internet access, text messaging, voice mail and a whole range of applications.Landlines still do not include these options. If you have a landline phone, your number and home address is in the phone book. While there are benefits to having your number listed, theres also one huge disadvantage which is telemarketers. Landline phones are more likely to get calls from telemarketers trying to sell you something at all hours. Thats because many calling centres entrust scroll through the phone book, calling listed number after number. These can be annoying to phone owners. Landlines consume more energy than cell phones, as they re main(prenominal) blocked in at all times. This is true of cordless landline phones as well, bec ause of the charger taked. While mobile phones do not last as long as landlines they are easier to recycle.The Internet has been the spaciousest means of communication yet. It is now faster and more reliable than ever. Nowadays it is assertable to use television receiver, chat and messenger services. There are many chat rooms on the web that can be accessed to meet new people, make new friends, as well as to stay in touch with old friends. Social networking has become so popular amongst youth that it major power one day replace physical networking. It has evolved as a great way to connect with millions of people with similar interests. Apart from finding long-lost friends, you can also look for a job, business opportunities. The Internet has made life very convenient. With numerous online services you can now perform all your transactions online. You can book tickets for a movie, permute funds, pay value bills, taxes etc., and right from your home.Entertainment is another po pular reason why many people prefer to surf the Internet. The internet has even become some peoples TV as you can surveil endless programmes at the click of a button. Also downloading games or just surfing the celebrity websites are some of the uses people have discovered. The Internet has any kind of information on any topic under the sun. The search engines help you to find data on any subject that you need. You can also browse online, there are many online stores and sites that can be used to look for products as well as buy them using your credit witticism. You do not need to leave your house and can do all your shopping from the convenience of your home. E-mail is another advantage, with e-mail you can send and receive instant electronic messages. Your messages are delivered instantly to people anywhere in the world.If you use the Internet for online banking, social networking or other services, you whitethorn risk a theft to your personal information such as name, add ress, credit card number etc. People can access this information through unsecured connections past use your personal details for their benefit. Internet users are often plagued by virus attacks on their systems. virus programs whitethorn get activated if you click a seemingly sinless link. Computers connected to the Internet are very prone to targeted virus attacks and whitethorn end up crashing. People are drifting apart from their friends and family because of the internet. Even children prefer to play online games rather than going out and mingling with other kids. The Internet can be harmful to little children. Children nowadays use the Internet on a daily basis.The Internet has provided a way for children to gain access to all sorts of websites. Cyber deterrence is also another huge disadvantage when it comes to the internet. There are now many more ways that people can be harassed and bullied when they have access to the internet. Cyber bullying is one of the worst as it i nvades the victims life in a place they are comfortable in and think they are good, because they are cosmos harassed in their personal area, cyber bullying leads to more depression lessen self esteem, loneliness and suicide which are all big disadvantages. another(prenominal) disadvantage of the internet is that it has allowed a great deal of anonymity to a large number of people who have access to different websites and chat rooms available. This has allowed perverted individuals to take advantage of innocent people and demoralise their trust. We can always hear from news that paedophiles used the internet to make crimes. With all its falls the internet has the potential to make your life simple and convenient, as well as wreak havoc in your life.Having a telefax machine certainly has its benefits, there are also disadvantages associated with relying on this sending tool. With a fax machine, you can quickly send inscriptions from one building to another without any cost. Not only does a fax machine make this rapid transfer easier and more cost-effective, it also allows for the transfer to take place more quickly. Fax machines provide senders with a recognise after the document has finished the fax process the user has some evidence that they did, in fact, send the document. Faxes are delivered immediately to around the globe. This method of data transmission is effective when access to email or deposit share are unattainable or unfeasible. Fax machines are very inexpensive and several are part of multifunction systems.Just like all technology, fax machines can fail. If a company depends too heavily upon the fax machine and the machine fails to operate, the people using the machine may feel some difficulty. Also you cannot send a fax to someone who does not also have a fax machine the receiver essential have a fax machine to get the document. Documents you sent may not be as safe and secure. Information thieves have ways of pulling information f rom old fax machines or discarded notion cartridges. Any time you send a document, via fax or otherwise, you aerofoil up the casualty of someone accessing your data, putting you at risk.Fax machines take up billet and also create an opportunity for mechanical failures that may require costly repairs. Emailing documents takes no additional hardware besides an live computer, and files can be stored digitally rather than taking up space in paper form. Fax machines need regular maintenance. You have to sprout the machines with paper and also supply toner, which are the powdered ink fax machines use to print. There is also the possibility that once a document has been faxed and the information is read or entered into a computer, the paper will be thrown away or recycled. Finally, like every machine, fax machines require occasional cleaning.Advantages and Disadvantages of Technology EssayThe advantages of stun throttle valves and patrol car video management are a critical tool in rightfulness enforcement. Officers are given the option of Tasers, which are extremely effective when prosecute an offender that might have had the upper hand to fight for a long time, resulting in the officer gaining injuries. Currently, patrol car video is a necessity as video records will enhance an officers credibility, corroborate identities, and statement issues, and can be used as evidence in court. However, critical to impartiality enforcement stun guns should be used as a last resort. Let us examine some of the issues that subscribe some validity to arguments for the continue use of these tools within fairness enforcement. unrivaled may argue that a Taser (stun gun) causes muscle contractions and renders a person bewildered while macrocosm temporarily paralyzed. Lee (2007) addressed this to be true, but jurisprudence enforcement has maximized training programs so that untrustings and officers lives are not in jeopardy. In addition, when a stun gun is used there is a long-lasting record and the video supervision is automatically recorded when an officer takes the refuge off the tool (Lee, 2007). Consequently, the stun gun is used by law enforcement specifically for self-defense, and as a result, Lee (2007) mentions there have been hundreds of arrests that would have been involved in most serious outcomes, such as a suspect or officers demise.Read more Essay About Technology Advantages and DisadvantagesAs much as of 1,500 lives a year are taken by accidents with firearms in the United States (Tennenbaum, A. N., & Moore, A. M. (1993). However, guns have been converted into less-lethal weapons such as Tasers. In fact, the Taser gun also cognize as a stun gun has the capacity of 50,000 volts that are connected to electrodes, and this nonlethal weapon resembles a gun in its composition and has variable degrees of power. Tennenbaum, A. N., & Moore, A. M. (1993) noted that there are available nonlethal weapon technologies, which give c itizens options and no sulphurous force of traditional guns.The stun gun is an alternative weapon that can be operated by an officer with ripe training and is a nonlethal weapon. One must be equal to(p) of using a stun gun to subdue or annul a suspect so that no harm will pass off to ones body. After all, not every person has the kindred body structure, so therefore the stun gun can be more dangerous depending on the individual. Example, someone with a heart defibrillator can die from a stun gun (Lee, 2007). However, with the proper training, an officer has the knowledge of reducing or increasing power on the stun gun, and the main idea here is that the Taser will immediately stop an individual in his tracks by setting the Taser to a specific level for the offender.One may argue that stun guns may promptly fall into the hands of criminals who will use them for criminal acts. Although, there is no arguing over this point, even with these weapons such as stun guns, the conse quences will not be deadly for either the officer or the offender. Suppose some others may say that nonlethal weapons are unrealistic but interesting. After all, one knows an pull ahead of technological knowledge is essential in law enforcement.For example, when Tasers are used in the muscular areas, the offenders nervous system is shut down down for up to 30 seconds. As a result, the officer is safe from harm. Finally, an officer now has efficient time to confine or bind the suspect. Hence, no one gets hurt. Law enforcement wants to prevent any misuse. An individuals background is nationally run through to verify his credit card information, age, and identification. Finally, there is a check for any felony convictions, not to mention terrorist watch lists. If any information pertaining to felonies show up, the individual will be dour away.When one uses a patrol car and it is equipped with video surveillance, he is being protected in many ways because video does not lie. Whether the officer is acting inappropriately or the suspect is acting belligerent the video will prove to be the most critical evidence. Tennenbaum, A. N., & Moore, A. M. (1993) assures surveillance systems are great additions to law of nature cars. They protect both sides, and if one thinks about it, he would rather be stunned than shot. The most transparent video surveillance brings the highest quality to agencies. They are easy to use and they have the technology to transfer, gather, and retrieve evidence. In fact, the video is shared with court officials and the prosecution while maintaining the integrity of the original video.There are no shun factors in having patrol car video surveillance. This tool is capable of useful requirements and meeting legislative mandates. Typically, patrol car surveillance systems tend to use analog tape technologies, which can be copied and transferred. However, overall performance in these surveillance systems is limited.In conclusion, the ove rall success with law enforcement and the violence out there today are critical tools for an officers self-defense. In addition, Taser and video surveillance are the most chosen tools in law enforcement. Furthermore, when the Taser is used properly and efficiently, it will deter the most hostile offenders, whereas most nonlethal weapons will not having the necessary means. Meanwhile video surveillance can help an officers defense or a suspects guilt in court as it is a permanent video record of an incident. Moreover, video surveillance is never bias, the legality is right in front of you.ReferencesLee, Harry. (2007, February 19). JPSO Tasers Have Proven To Be A Near-Perfect Non-Lethal Weapon That Stuns. Sheriffs Weekly Journal, 27(31), 36, 1/3. Retrieved may 28, 2008, fromhttp//search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=f5h&AN=24245269&site=ehost-liveTennenbaum, A. N., & Moore, A. M. (1993). Non-Lethal Weapons Alternatives To Deadly Force. The Futurist, 27(5), 20. Retrieved May 28, 2008, from ABI/INFORM Global database. (Document ID 479634).Advantages and Disadvantages of Technology EssayTechnology began when man started to admit and modify nature to meet his needs.  Prior to the 20th Century, technology was set with skilled men and women who passed their expertise and know-how from one generation to another.  Back then technology was associated with new techniques, new processes and new methods of doing things.  With the scientific revolution in the 20th Century, the concept of technology changed.  It is now virtually associated with gadgets, products and innovative scientific inventions.This essay examines the advantages and disadvantages of two simple technological innovations the stun gun and the police car video surveillance.  Their impact, advantages and disadvantages to the society will be evaluated for habit of deeper compass of their use.Advantages and Disadvantages of Stun Guns and Police Car Video Surveilla nceTechnology is closely tied with the concept of innovation.  There was a time when law enforcement officers utilize the wooden batons as their only weapons against violent individuals who resisted arrest (Scott Oldham, 2005, p.1).  In view of the lack of effective weapons that they can use to apprehend and subdue suspects, encounters between law enforcement officers and suspects often lead to a bloody fight.  As a result either the police officer or the suspect ends up getting seriously hurt or killed.Read more Technology Advantages and Disadvantages EssayThere was also a time when law enforcement officers had to rely on their recollection of the events during dangerous situations.  They had to record the license number of the suspects getaway vehicle, remember their faces and the kind of weapons used.  If they were able to arrest the suspects after a dangerous situation, suspects often filed suits against law enforcement officers alleging brutality and vi olence they experience in the hands of the police officers.  There being no other witnesses, the police officer had always been placed in jeopardy of being maliciously sued by a suspect he had arrested in his line of duty.With the use of technology, man was able to control and modify nature for the purpose of satisfying his own needs. Law enforcement officers have found simple solutions to their commonplace problems.  With the use of stun guns police officers were able to harness the power of electricity.  They were able to control the volt and use it to apprehend violent suspects by incapacitating them temporarily.With the discovery of stun guns, police officers no longer have to worry about getting hurt or hurting anybody in the programme of the arrest.  In case a suspect resists arrest and becomes really violent, the law enforcement officer only has to press this gun against the body of the suspect.  It will stretch out an electronic charge that is high i n voltage that can handicap the suspect for 20 to 30minutes enough time for them to place handcuff on the suspect.Police officers no longer have to worry about the possibility of them forgetting the suspects face or the license number of the vehicle or the kind of weapon used.  He also need not fear that suits for excessive violence and brutality may be filed against him because there is physical evidence that can be presented before the court.  Law enforcement officers only have to produce the recording of his patrol car video surveillance and present it in court to disprove the false and malicious accusations against him.Just like any technology, however, it can be abused.  In the hands of an scurrilous law enforcement officer, stun guns may cause serious injury against a suspect if not used properly.  According to United Nations Committee use of stun guns by the police may cause extreme disorder and in certain cases may lead to death.  (David Morgan, 2007, p .2)  It has been reported that since 1999, 80 people have died and others have been seriously injured by police using electronic stun gun which negate the claims that they are non lethal weapons.  (Greg Mathis, 2005, p.1) use up of police car video surveillance may be advantageous for some but it may pose a serious constitutive(a) challenge for others.   Lawyers have challenged the legality of the act of police officers using their video camera as proof to apprehend those who commit over stop number and those who run against red lights.  Their contention is that the owners of the car are automatically considered blameable and imposed a penalty even if it may be possible that the car owners were not driving the vehicles at the time the infraction was committed.  deflection from constitutional violation of presumption of innocence, some police officers may use the video camera for the purpose of invading the privacy of private individuals. finaleTechnology is indeed the successful attempt by man to control and modify nature for the purpose of satisfying human needs and providing solutions to his problem.  It may happen that the technology may turn into something that it is intended to do or to something that it is not intended to.  This is precisely what technology is.  It may turn out beneficial to mankind but it may also pose serious risks for us.In the case of stun guns, I believe it is still one of the most non-lethal instruments that police officers can utilize against suspects.  It would be better however if police officers are educated on its use and its dangers before they are allowed to use these instruments.  The same thing is true for video surveillance which is most effective if it is utilized for strictly law enforcement work.  These instruments therefore are not dangerous in themselves.  They are not evil in themselves.  task starts when those who utilize it use it improperly.  This p roblem could be remedied by proper predilection and training so that old and new law enforcement officers may be advised on how to properly utilize these new pieces of technology.

Wednesday, January 16, 2019

Nike Financial Analysis Essay

Nike is a society that has thoroughly embedded itself into the psyche of people around the world. Its a company that started with humble origins from selling footwear in the wine cellar to becoming the behemoth in the athletic industry. Bill Bowerman, University of Oregon cartroad field coach, and Phil Knight, middle-distance runner under Bowerman co-founded Nike. Nike was first base established as dispirited Ribbon Sports in 1964 as a partnership and the name Nike was officially adopted on May 30, 1978. The infamous Nike Logo Swoosh, was created for a angle of $35 by Carolyn Davidson, a graphics design student.In 1980, Nike becomes a publicly traded company with the completion of its Initial Public Offering of 2,377,000 sh ares of family B Common Stock on New York Stock commute with the depot symbol NKE. Today, Nike employs over 27,000 people across the globe, and has net tax in excess of $13 zillion. The purpose of this writing is to provide investors with cityw ide information on Nike, its financial health and activities, its strength and weaknesses, and whether Nike creates value to its parcelholders. This paper will analyze Nikes capital structure, scope of international trading trading ope dimensionns, young stock operation, and dividend policy.We will examine how Nikes international ope dimensionns are conducted, its criticisms and strengths. Nikes debt ratios, dividend payout ratios, dividend pay off, and absorb coverage ratios over the previous 5 historic period will be discussed and compared with industry benchmarks. Its coalition places and the relation between the direct characteristics and its leverage will to a fault be analyzed. Managers for Nike are creating value for shareholders by expanding Nike operations in extraneous food markets as much as possible. Nikes gross revenue and earnings outpaced Wall Street estimates FY 06. Nikes gross sales reached $15 gazillion and its earnings per share were up 18%.Over the foregone 5 years, Nikes earnings per share on compounded direct were up 20%, gross margins averaged 42% and in the past year, Nike delivered 44% margins in a period of rising costs. The current managers are maximize shareholders wealth but in the footwear industry, Nikes performance still falls. The footwear industry averaged some 14. 25%, plot Nikes growth in stock was 10. 48%. If the increase in value of shares is a benchmark of performance for managers, Nikes performance is unimpressive. Nike has a Price to sacred scripture (MRQ) ratio of 3. 97, temporary hookup the industry Nike competes in has a ratio of 3. 96.SP euchre has a Price to Book (MRQ) ratio of 3. 90. Nike has a Price to Tangible Book (MRQ) ratio of 4. 26, while the industry has a ratio of 4. 44, and the SP five hundred has a ratio of 7. 22. The Nike brand itself is the biggest strength of Nike. Its other strengths include international operations where it is expanding aggressively, innovation of new product s and ability to connect with its consumers. Peoples knowledge of Nike as an exploiter of workers in developing nations, might cause considerable damage to its brand, and the poor performance of its stock relative to its industry is to a fault one of its weaknesses.Nikes managers must maximize shareholders wealth, which is not at its optimal level. As a world-renowned multi-national corporation, Nike has a presence in almost either nation. Nike itself started by importing athletic shoes from a Japanese company called Onitsuka Tiger Company. Nike earns more revenues from its international operations than its domestic market. Nike earned about $6. 5 billion FY 2005 from its international operations, compared to $5. 1 billion from its domestic market. planetary operations appear to be a key driver of Nikes growth. Nikes international operations are divided into 3 divers(prenominal) regions.The EMEA region oversees operations in Europe, Middle East, and Africa. The Asia peace-lov ing Region oversees operations in East Asia, southern Asia, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific. The Americas region oversees operations in South America, and North America (excluding United States). Europe, Middle East, Africa (EMEA) is headquartered in Hilversum, Netherlands. In terms of revenue, the EMEA is Nikes second largest region. EMEA region contributed about $4. 3 billion in revenues for Nike. Of these, footwear revenues contributed $2. 5 billion, apparel revenues contributed $1. 5 billion and equipment revenues contributed $284. jillion. FY05, 31% of Nike brand revenue was gene vagabondd by sales in the EMEA region. This region is also the third largest in terms of manufacturing. EMEA region employs about 6,000 Nike employees, and has about 104 father factories. These factories in addition, employ 29,242 workers. The Asia Pacific region is Nikes third largest in terms of revenue, and the largest in terms of manufacturing. Nike has 13 branch offices and subsidiaries in the Asia Pacific region. China has become both a source country and a vital market for Nike. Asia Pacific region has 3,282 Nike employees approximately.The region also has 252 strike factories located in North Asia, and 238 contract factories located in South Asia. Combined, these factories employ 550,821 workers. Nikes revenues for year 2004 from its Asian operations were about $1. 6 billion. Of these revenues, approximately $855 million were from footwear sales, $612 million from apparel sales and $146 million from equipment sales. The Americas region is the smallest in terms of revenue 2nd largest in regards to manufacturing. The first Nike shoe ever contracted out was done in Mexico in 1971. For year 2003, the region provided Nike with revenues of $624 million.Of these revenues $412 million were from footwear sales, $166 million from apparel sales and $47 million from equipment sales. This region has approximately 1076 Nike employees and additional 44,568 workers working in 137 r ack up contract factories. Nike has branch offices and subsidiaries in five countries. Some of the challenges that Nike has confront and still faces are in regards to its manufacturing facilities and violation of labor laws. Nike has been accused on numerous occasions of employing children in its factories or exploiting workers in developing countries.In response to these allegations, Nike implemented strict standards for manufacturing facilities, including minimum age, air quality, mandatory procreation programs, expansion of micro-loan programs, factory monitoring, and enhanced transparency of Nikes corporate business practices. In order to better its image, Nike even ceased orders from Pakistan in November 20, 2006 as the soccer-ball producer there failed to correct labor-compliance violations. Examination of Nikes debt ratios reveals that the company has less debt in proportion to its assets.In 2002, Nike had a debt ratio of . 404 with total assets organism worth(predicate) about $6. 44 billion, and total debt of $2. 60 billion. In 2003, Nikes debt ratio increase to . 415, its total assets increased by $378. 1 million, and its total debt increased by $226. 4 million. Debt ratio fell to . 394 in 2004, and fell supercharge in 2005 to . 358. In the year 2006, Nikes debt ratio increased to . 363, and had total assets of $9. 87 billion and total debt of $3. 58 billion. Examination of Nikes interest coverage ratio reveals that the firm tush sufficiently pay neat debt.If one were to take only Nikes interest coverage ratios into account, it can be said that Nike generates sufficient revenue to satisfy interest expenses. In the year 2002, Nike had an interest coverage ratio of 22. 43. This further increased to 29. 04 the pursual year with EBIT amounting $1. 25 billion and interest expense amounting to $42. 9 million. In the year 2004, interest coverage ratio increased phenomenally to 59, with EBIT being $1. 48 billion and interest expense being $25 million. at long last for the year 2005, the interest coverage ratio was 388. 485 with EBIT being $1. 86 billion and interest expense being $4.million. Nike has a 5-year average leverage ratio of 1. 5, the industry leverage ratio is about 1. 5, and SP 500 Index has a leverage of 4. 9. The firms leverage shows that Nike is utilize long-term debt, and it is measurable and appropriate. The operating characteristics include volume of sales in tune of $13,739. 7 million FY 2005, $12,739. 7 million sales in 2004, $10,697. 0 million sales in 2003, 9893. 0 million sales in 2002, and 9488. 8 million sales in 2001. These financial conditions shew that Nike, Inc. percentages are not high and provide protection for the stockholders.Nikes bond ratings by Moody for Senior Unsecured loan has a rating of A2, an Aa3 rating for Credit Default Swap, Aaa for Equity-Implied, and an A2 rating for Bond-implied. Nike pays dividends to its shareholders every quarter. In the past 5 years, Nikes dividends ranged f rom $. 12 a share in March of 2002 to $. 37 a share in declinationember of 2006. Nikes dividend rate is much higher than both the industry average, and the SP 500 Index. For the last 12 months, the dividend rate paid by Nike was 1. 48 while the industry average was . 32, and the SP index dividend rate was . 74. Nikes annual dividend yield is about 1. 0%, while the payout ratio is 24%. K-Swiss, one of Nikes competitors has an annual dividend rate of . 20, annual dividend yield of . 60% and a payout ratio of 9%. Skechers USA, another competitor, paid no dividends. The dividend yield of SP 500 was 2. 06%, while the dividend yield in the footwear industry was 1. 44%. The payout ratio for the footwear industry was 20. 37%, and the SP payout ratio was 28. 23%. Although, SP 500 performed better than Nike in regards to dividend yield and payout ratio, one has to take into account that in footwear industry, Nikes dividend yield and payout ratio were considerably higher than its competitors. In regards to its dividend policy, Nike is very attractive, and is very much ahead of the pack. Nike also has a Dividend Reinvestment Plan (DRIP) and allows its shareholders to participate in it through its Nike Direct-SERVICE Program. Through this program, shareholders can change their cash dividends into shares at a significant discount to the current share equipment casualty. Nike has a market value of $24. 41 billion. Approximately 1. 33 million shares are traded daily on average. Over the course of 5 years, Nikes stock price went from $56. 92 as of Jan 2, 2002 to $97. 45 as of Dec 11, 2006 an increase of 71. 5%. The graph below illustrates Nikes 5 yr trend. In the recent year, the firms shares were traded as high as $99. 30, and as low as $75. 52. The firm started with a stock price of $85. 95 in the beginning of the year and as of December 12, 2006 unlikeable at $96. 57 a . 90% decrease from the previous day. The stock performance trend reveals that Nike experiences a gr eater loss during the months of August and September, and greater gains in October thru December, which is the holiday season. The graph below shows Nikes stock performance trend in the recent year.The chart below shows growth in Footwear Industry in comparison to S&P 500 index. In conclusion, Nikes future growth would primarily reach from its foreign operations. As the footwear industry in the domestic market has slowed, Nike has to expand aggressively in foreign markets. Nike pays more dividends in comparison to its competitors the firm should reinvest that money in aggressive expansion in foreign markets rather than giving back the shareholders the profit. Nikes returns are also significantly less than the S&P 500 index and within its own industry.