Education of the Middle Ages Essay

Education, as we know it today, did not exist in the Middle Ages. Illiteracy was dominant among the population. Scribes were the exception to the rule. Churches were the main source of knowledge and schooling. Real interest in learning grew along with the development of towns. The towns’ officials needed to be educated. At the same time a need for legal institutions was created and so started the university phenomenon. Modern education was on its way. There were few schools in the Middle ages, so everyone had limited education. Even the Lord of the Manor was often unable to read or write. Some of the first schools were Cathedral schools. As well as Parish, Monastic, and Palace schools. Here people learned a particular role in society. Naturally the primary job was training the clergy in their professional duties as priests of the Christian people. The bishop was the head of the complex and he had a staff of priest to help him with the several of the diocese. These skills that were taught here were reading, singing of hymns, church law, writing of documents and the performing of Church duties and sacraments. An example of educating for a specific role in life were the Knights who had learn how to fight with various weapons so that they could fight for their king. The common people, however, had no way of being educated other than going a monastic school. However, if they did this, they had to donate their property to the church. The people who went to this school later become monks or nuns. They had to follow three important laws: chastity, obedience, and the law or the lord if not followed they would be thrown out of the monastery. Most monasteries had a rule of silence: monks could not talk which other except for a short period of time. During meals one monk might read passages from the bible while the others mediated. Even though monks’ lives seem to be so hard it was the best place to go for a good education for anybody from a king to a beggar (Monasteries 488-499). Women took part in monastic life by living in a convent under a direction of an abbess. Known as nuns, they wore simple clothes and wrapped a white cloth called a wimple around their face and neck. They alternated prayer with spinning, weaving, and embroiling items such as tapestries and banners. They also taught needlework and the medicinal use of herbs to daughters of nobles (Couglin A6). Although monks and nuns lived apart from society, they were not completely isolated. Indeed, they played a crucial role in medieval intellectual and social life. Since few people could read or write, the regular clergy preserved ancient and the classical writings. Scribes copied all the books by hand working in a small drafty room with one candle or a small window for light. Illuminated manuscripts decorated with rich colors and intricate pictures indicate that, although the task was done with hard work, it was also lovingly done (Monastaries 499-501). Monasteries and convents provided not only schools for young people, but hospitals for the sick, food for the needy, and a home for travelers who need a place to stay (Monasteries 499-501). Cathedral schools were there to train higher-member of the Church in their professional duties as ministers of the Christian people. The bishop in whose Cathedral complex the school was located needed a group of trained priests to administer the various needs dioceses. The Cathedral school largely emphasized practical skills, effective reading, singing, and knowledge of Church Law, public speaking and the administration of the holy sacraments (Corbishely 28). At first the university was not so much a place as it was a group of scholars organized like a guild for the purpose of learning. Classes were held in rented rooms or churches even in the open air. Books were scarce. In most classes teacher read the text and discussed it, while students took notes on slates or memorized as much information as possible. Classes did, however meet regularly schedule. University rules established the obligations of the students and the teachers toward each other. To qualify as a teacher students had to pass an exam leading to a degree, or a certificate of completion (Cantor 58). By the end of the 1200’s universities had spread throughout Europe. Most southern European universities were modeled after the law school at Bologna, Italy, and specialized in law and medicine. Universities in Northern Europe on the contrary, specialized in liberal arts in Theology. These were generally modeled after the University of Paris (Bailey 89). At medieval universities, scholars studied Latin classics and Roman law in depth. They also acquired knowledge from the works of the Greek philosopher Aristotle and from the Islamic scholarship in the sciences. This interest in the physical world eventually led a rise of western science (Schools 291-292). Many church leaders opposed the study of Aristotle’s works, fearing that his ideas feared the Christian teachings. In contrast some scholars thought that new knowledge could be used ideas. The applied Aristotle philosophy to theological questions and developed a system of thought called scholasticism. This new type of learning emphasized reason as well as the faith in the interpretations of Christian doctrine. Scholastic sought to bring back classical philosophy along side with the teachings of the Church. They believed that knowledge could be integrated into a coherent whole (Schools 295). One scholastic teacher, Peter Aberlard taught theology in Paris during the early 1100’s. In his book Sic et Non, he collected statements from the bible writings of early Christian leaders that showed both sides of controversial questions. Abearld then had his students reconcile the difference though logic. In the 1200’s the most important scholastic thinker was Thomas Aquinas a brilliant theologian and philosopher who taught philosophy in Naples and France. In his work Summa Theolgica Aquinas claimed that reason was a gift from god that could provide answers to basic philosophical questions. The catholic later accepted and promoted Aquinas’s way of teaching and thinking (Schools 310). The education of a knight proceeded in a way similar to that of many medieval occupations. At an early age the prospective knight was apprenticed to serve as a page, or attendant, in a knight’s household. In his teens the page graduated to the status of a squire and received more responsibilities. As a squire the boy tended his knight’s horses and armor, but he also gained his first battle experience. Several squires were usually apprenticed to a knight at the same time and on the battlefield they might fight as a small band of infantry around their master. Here they acquired the many skills in arms necessary for their profession. To graduate to the status of a knight, a squire usually performed some heroic deed in battle. The squire was welcomed into the order of knights by being dubbed with a sword or slapped in the face by his lord. Afterwards the new knight would receive his fief, or gift of land. As the cult of chivalry developed in the 12th and 13th centuries, knighting ceremonies became more involved. Often they occurred at court, and a knight’s dubbing might be preceded by a religious vigil in which the knight vowed to uphold Christian and chivalric principles (Davies 12-13). Finally the Renaissance, or rebirth of learning, began in Europe in the 14th century and reached its height in the 15th century. Scholars became more interested in the humanist features that is, the secular or worldly rather than the religious aspects of the Greek and Latin classics. Humanist educators found their models of literary style in the classics. The Renaissance was a particularly powerful force in Italy, most notably in art, literature, and architecture. In literature, the works of such Italian writers as Dante Aleghieri, Petrarch, and Giovanni Boccaccio became especially important (Renaissance 228-229). Humanist educators designed teaching methods to prepare well-rounded, liberally educated persons. Dutch humanist Desiderius Erasmus was particularly influential. Erasmus believed that understanding and conversing about the meaning of literature was more important than memorizing it, as had been required at many of the medieval religious schools. He advised teachers to study such fields as archeology, astronomy, mythology, history, and Scripture (Renaissance 220). The invention of the printing press in the mid-15th century made books more widely available and increased literacy rates. But school attendance did not increase greatly during the Renaissance. Elementary schools educated middle-class children while lower-class children received little, if any, formal schooling. Children of the nobility and upper classes attended humanist secondary schools (Bailey 112). Educational opportunities for women improved slightly during the Renaissance, especially for the upper classes. Some girls from wealthy families attended schools of the royal court or received private lessons at home. The curriculum studied by young women was still based on the belief that only certain subjects, such as art, music, needlework, dancing, and poetry, were suited for females. For working-class girls, especially rural peasants, education was still limited to training in household duties such as cooking and sewing (Couglin, A8). As it shows education the Middle Ages seems to be so diverse and a starting point for modern education. But the reader must always keep in mind only about five percent of the whole population did all of these educational activities.

Ho Chi Minh Puppeteer

Ho Chi Minh: Puppet or Leader? United States presidents from Harry Truman to Richard Nixon were wrong to think that Ho Chi Minh and his followers were â€Å"puppets† to the Soviet Union or Chinese Communist. Many policies the Presidents made throughout the war proved that they never tried to see Ho Chi Minh as anything else but communist and were convinced that they had to do everything and anything to stop him from gaining any control over the country of Vietnam.The Vietnam War, specifically the United States aid to France, agreements at the Geneva Conference, and the election of 1956, are prime examples of how far American Presidential Administrations went to exclude themselves from their own Constitution to give themselves a blank check and continuous, unnecessary escalation for war. When I look at Communism I view it as a dictatorship, someone more or less trying to control the people of the country they have control over by putting fear in the eyes of the citizens and not allowing them to live a peaceful, independent life.With that said, yes, Ho claimed to be a Communist but I truly feel that his sole goal was to conquer the independence of the country of Vietnam from forces trying to control it and give it back to his people, basically saying that Ho was a nationalist and communism was simply the most effective way to carry out his tasks. He followed the way of what the Trung Sisters wanted Vietnam to be and did everything in his power to give the â€Å"What it is to be Vietnamese† outlook to his people. The United States would view his ideology as only communism, arguing that nationalism was just a maneuver.United States involvement in Vietnam occurred within and because of the larger context of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. Immediately after World War II, tensions between the United States and USSR escalated. Ho needed the help from the Soviet Union to follow out his goals for Vietnam. He obviously was not th eir puppet; the Soviet Union helped fund the war for the Vietminh with supplies and ammunition but half the time they made empty promises of what they would do to help.Truman feared that if Ho were to win the war, with his ties to the Soviet Union, he would establish a â€Å"puppet† state and the Soviets would ultimately control Vietnamese affairs. (New World Encyclopedia) The Vietminh were not very militarily effective in the beginning of the war and only really harassed the French troops. China gained control over the northern borders which allowed unlimited support in terms of weapons and supplies to the Vietminh which transformed itself into a conventional army between two armies equipped with modern weapons supplied by the United States and the Soviet Union. 29) The idea of communist domination in Southeast Asia was all the United States needed to support France in containing communism. Gaining help from USSR and China was all Ho could do to regain Vietnamese independenc e. He was looking for the bigger picture and if letters from him would have been answered then the thought process of him and a communist puppet would have never existed, nor would the assumption of the domino theory.It was completely and utterly wrong, immature, foolish, and rude for President Truman to ignore the many letters Ho Chi Minh sent to him in 1945. How as the president of the most powerful country in the world just get handed letters over and over and continuously set them aside and allowed them to go unnoticed. Ho Chi Minh wrote eight letters to President Truman reminding him of the self-determination promises of the Atlantic Charter. He even sent one to the United Nations. Zinn) Within one of the letters that Ho Chi Minh sent he offered a deep-water port in Cam Ranh Bay to be used as a military port, but still the letters were ignored. For years, Ho had tried to court the United States to support him against the French, including supplying the U. S. with military intel ligence about the Japanese during World War II. Whatever hopes Ho had for securing American assistance died in anticommunist paranoia. (20) The communism is not a disease; it’s not like if you kiss someone communist you therefore become communist.This unfortunately is the ridiculous theory that Eisenhower came up with about countries trickling from one communist country to surrounding countries, to next thing having the entire world plagued with communism. After the fall of Dien Bien Phu in 1954, Eisenhower gave a speech that would become a famous and important outline of United States Cold War policy. Eisenhower stated that the United States needed to contain the USSR at all locations for its neighbors to not become Communist. The theory was coined the domino theory.The Nationalist government of China fell to the Communist forces of Mao Zedong and this started to put the United States into deep paranoia and fear that Communists would take over the world and might even be plo tting secret operations in the United States. The U. S. policy makers began to see Vietnam as extremely important. If Vietnam was to be a united nation with Ho Chi Minh as its leader and become a communist country then in logic to the domino theory all of Indochina would fall and maybe even Southeast Asian countries to communism.I don’t believe that the small country of Vietnam, who was just trying to gain recognition as an independent country had that much power over its surrounding countries or even of the entire world. The popularity of Ho Chi Minh and the Vietminh in both Northern and Southern Vietnam had U. S. leaders in fear that the free elections promised at the Geneva Conference to occur in 1956, would result in a unified, Communist Vietnam. (SparkNotes Editors) After WWII, President Truman set up, what I think, was a fair plan to stop colonialism throughout the world.In his State of the Union speech in October 1945, he stated that he believed 1) in the eventual retu rn of sovereign rights and self-government to all peoples who have been deprived of them by force, 2) that all peoples who are prepared for self-government should be permitted to choose their own form of government by their own freely expressed choice, without interference from any foreign source, 3) the United States will refuse to recognize any government imposed upon any nation by the force of any foreign power. (Pamphlet No. , PILLARS OF PEACE) These are just some of the points within the twelve stated. Unfortunately, none of these points were actually followed by the President, himself, or the United States. These points were supposed to end colonialism throughout the world after World War II, but when France asked the United States for help to continue their control and reign over Indochina, President Truman went very willing. Fear of communism was in his eyes and with the help of the USSR to Vietnam he didn’t believe that there was any other way.In May 1950, President Truman announced his decision to supply $15 million in military assistance to Indochina, but realistically just to French troops, to fight the Vietminh. (29) In order for France to fight this war without it looking like it was to gain control over a colony that they have already been fighting for, they defined it as a fight against Communism instead of a colonial war. Ho hated the French for what they had done to his country, but also hated the elite Vietnamese who enriched themselves at the expense of the poor peasants.The Vietnamese people were broken under French rule both prior to WWII and after. Truman in one week sent an abundance of supplies to the French and continued to do so for the next four years. Throughout the aids exceeding number of ammunition, weapons, tanks and other supplies were sent to both the French and Vietminh from the US and USSR and China. This resulted in the battle of Dienbienphu. In 1954, the French planned on overtaking the outpost of Dienbienphu in th e mountains of northern Vietnam. Their idea was to take post in the center on these mountains and lure the Vietminh in.The Vietminh saw this strategy a mile away. They moved 40, 000 troops up into the mountains and conquered this territory. Even though there were more Vietnamese casualties than French, they had military brilliance and were more willing to a higher death toll then their enemies. (SparkNotes Editors) The victory over the French at Dienbienphu had demonstrated the triumph of Ho’s nationalism. (46) And the United States would later learn that no matter what is handed to the Vietminh they were going to fight to the death for the independence of their country.I believe and have also heard and even read that if the election of 1956 had been held that possibly eighty percent of the population would have voted for the Communist Ho Chi Minh as their leader rather than Chief of State Bao Dai. In April 1954, the world's powers had met at Geneva to discuss Vietnam. Many a rguments can be presented for the escalation of the war. One reason is the failure of the United States to adhere to provisions in the Final Declaration of the Geneva Conference on the Problem of Restoring Peace in Indo-China. In July 1954, it was decided to divide the country in two at the 17th parallel.Bao Dai was to lead the south and Ho Chi Minh the north. The meeting also decided that in 1956 there would be an election in both the north and south to decide who would rule the whole country. The election would be supervised by neutral countries. This election did not take place and the split had become permanent by 1956. Ho Chi Minh was very liked by a great majority of the people in both North and South Vietnam and Boa Dai was just a puppet to the United States to carry out their commands and also was controlled very much by the corrupt madman Ngo Dinh Diem. Simkin) The United States and Diem refused to allow the 1956 elections to happen. Diem stated that it would only be a mean ingful election on the condition that it was absolutely free. No communist was going to be democratically elected if the US had anything to say about it. All not allowing this election did was set the course of escalation to the war further in motion. I do not understand why we even needed to get involved. As Americans we believe in the right to vote and free election, that is exactly what Ho Chi Minh wanted but was denied by us, a democratic country. (rationalrevolution. et) The Vietnam was an unnecessary war because of the way America handled it. The countries or nations involved had nothing to with the United States and we were supposed to take a neutral role. When we didn’t stay neutral the USSR and China stepped in and also helped. In America’s eyes that was only to spread communism, but truthfully we were no better and had every opportunity to stop this war and not allow it to escalate as it did with our help. â€Å"Vietnamese history is the history of defense b y outsiders and resistance to occupation when outsiders were temporarily successful. †References: VietnamWar. et, â€Å"Educational, Entertainment, and Research Material Relevant to the Study of the Vietnam War† http://www. vietnamwar. net Simkin, John (BA, MA, MPhil) â€Å"Vietnam War† http://www. spartacus. schoolnet. co. uk/vietnam. html SparkNotes Editors. â€Å"SparkNote on The Vietnam War (1945–1975). † SparkNotes. com. SparkNotes LLC. 2005. Web. 28 Oct. 2010. Pamphlet No. 4, PILLARS OF PEACE. â€Å"PRESIDENT TRUMAN'S NAVY DAY ADDRESS: An excerpt dealing with Four Military Tasks and the Fundamentals of Foreign Policy, October 27, 1945. † pages 136 and 137, Published by the Book Department, Army Information School, Carlisle Barracks, Pa. May 1946 http://www. ibiblio. org/pha/policy/post-war/451027a. html rationalrevolution. net, â€Å"The American involvement in Vietnam† http://rationalrevolution. net/war/american_involvement_in_v ietnam. htm, 2003 – 2007. Web. 20 Oct. 2007. Zinn, Howard. â€Å"The Impossible Victory: Vietnam excerpted from a People's History of the United States† http://www. thirdworldtraveler. com/Zinn/Vietnam_PeoplesHx. html New World Encyclopedia â€Å"Indochina_War_(1946-54)† Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. http://www. newworldencyclopedia. org/entry/Indochina_War_%281946-54%29. 2009. Web. 1 Dec. 2007

Analysis of Introduction to Poetry & Reading Poetry

Analysis of Introduction to Poetry & Reading Poetry â€Å"Introduction to Poetry† by Billy Collins the theme that there is most focuses on is the experience getting out of reading a poem. When reading a poem readers tend to just read the poem and then come to a direct conclusion and assume that they understand the meaning, and not looking at it in a different way. This is not what Billy Collins wants â€Å"them† referring to his students to do. In the first stanzas it shows how â€Å"I† who is referred to himself wants â€Å"them† to experience the poem.The tone the author has changes throughout the poem. By looking at the first two words in the beginning of the first three stanzas, there is a clear change in tone. The change in tone shows that his temper is rising as the poem progresses. He starts off by â€Å"I ask them† which is polite, then in the next stanzas â€Å"I say† which is more direct and in the third stanzas â€Å"I want them t o† which indicates that his mood and tone has changed. The way Billy Collins chooses to describe the experience with particular images.In the first stanza, â€Å"poem† is compared to â€Å"a color slide† that creates a strong imagery that readers have to squint their eyes to look at the slide clearly. In the second stanza, â€Å"poem† is compared to â€Å"a hive†, it might be difficult to fully understand a poem, but one can succeed even though it seems difficult. In the third and fourth stanza, Billy Collins compares â€Å"poem† to â€Å"a maze† and â€Å"a room in a house†, that indicates that the reader must feel lost and frustration. Yet, the last two stanzas show a harsh and different contrast to the previous stanzas.The tone and imagery has a negative kind of manner towards poetry, as he describes the way his students read and rush to a conclusion. The author describes â€Å"poem† as â€Å"a prisoner†, being tied to a chair and tortured with a hose. It adds a mocking, yet humorous tone to the whole poem, mocking at the incorrect attitudes of students towards poetry, hoping to alert the readers at the same time. The poet’s choice of words gives dramatic imagery for the readers, In hope of changing the reading and interpretations of the poem. Reading Poetry† and â€Å"Introduction to Poetry† are bough similar in the way that they are describing poetry and the way they relate to how people do and should interpret poetry. â€Å"Reading Poetry† has more focus on how people see poetry for and against point of view. It tells the reader a lot about the history of poetry and the way poets write poems. The structure in â€Å"Reading Poetry† is very organized in the sense that the author starts off by writing about the ancient Greeks and Romans and works its way all the way down to how different people interpret a poem.The two texts are very different when it come s to the contexts and lay out, but the author’s bought state the same opinion. They way to understand a poem is what they discuss the most, it is also a very important key element when reading a poem. Poets use their poems to express emotions and experiences; they then pass them on to the reader to give the reader a feeling of the author way of seeing things. Text 2 â€Å"Reading Poetry† goes into detail with trying to define poetry. This is a question that cannot be answered but is a personal opinion, just like art. Poems are a work of art, some like it others don’t. It’s a matter of taste.

Implementation of human resources strategies in the chosen Essay

Implementation of human resources strategies in the chosen organization - Essay Example 2.0 SHRM Practice 1 (Training and Development) Introduction and Importance. The first step of any organization after recruiting any employee is focussing upon the aspect of training and development (T&D). In this regard, training is often viewed to be an educational process which provides better understanding to the employees regarding entire work procedure, reinforcing existing knowledge along with skills, new work or operational process and ideas among others. On the other hand, development is often viewed to be the process through which an organization tries to make the employees more efficient towards facing critical challenges and perform significant responsibilities. It is a process which concentrates or focuses on developing the broader skills of the personnel that are applicable to a wider variety of situations like creative thinking, judgment making and managing workforce among others. In short, it can be affirmed that training is generally related to a particular subject ma tter, whereas, development deals with a wide variety of subjects. The importance of T&D is quite vital for any organization as it supports the organisations towards enhancing organisational effectiveness along with raising overall productivity. It is worth mentioning that the main purpose behind conducting along with implementing the aspect of T&D is to develop the skills of the employees resulting in developing their operational performance at large (Salvi, n.d.). 2.1 Critically Explain and Elaborate In Terms Of Stages and Steps, How It Can Be Implemented In the Chosen Company. The stages or steps relating to training and development have been portrayed hereunder. The Mission Statement: It... From the overall analysis, it can be affirmed that in order to maintain an effective flow in the organisational process, it is quite vital for Nokia to incorporate as well as to execute different vital SHRM practices. These practices might encompass performance management, compensation and training along with development among others. It is worth mentioning that different important HR related aspects like analysis along with the design of work force, planning, recruiting, and employee relation plays a decisive part in supporting organisations towards accomplishing its expected business targets. Thus, it can be concluded that the above-discussed SHRM practices would eventually support Nokia towards developing its progress in the next five years in terms of enhancing their entire business performance and raising productivity by a greater level.

China Oil Security Issue In the New Map of Global Oil Geography Term Paper

China Oil Security Issue In the New Map of Global Oil Geography - Term Paper Example This essay stresses that the immerging competition among the G8 countries has resulted to high consumption of oil. This is based on the fact that industrialization and motorization has took place thereby increasing vehicle ownership and other power machines that are used by individuals to simplify their work. The demand for oil consumption has been increasing making developed and developing countries to depend on regions such as Middle East, North Africa and Central China among others. This has emanated business transactions and diplomatic ties among the producers and consumers. For example China conducts business transaction with Sudan based on the fact that China needs oil from Sudan. On the other hand Sudan imports other products which they require increasing ties with consuming countries. This paper makes a conclusion that the formation of trading block such as Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) has made the producers to have power to deal with the consumers who use their economic power to suppress them. With the increased cases of terrorism, it is essential for US in collaboration with UN to put in place sustainable security measures in oil producing countries. In this way, the oil exploration process will be undertaken in a secured manner. While the developed countries are able to come up with other energy alternatives, third world states are greatly affected by price increment of oil products. Ii is notable that China has interest in the developing countries for example in the African region.

Wal-Mart Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Wal-Mart - Research Paper Example The competitors were using television advertisements to reach their customers, which was not effective because it was expensive. Wal-Mart obtained time in the television to display their products and to feature them at the low prices that make them very reputable (Soderquist, 2005). This worked because the customers knew the whole range of products and their prices when going to shop in Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart is very popular amongst the low and middle-class income earners. Wal-Mart targets the blue collar and the middle class shoppers who are not used to frequenting the big malls (Soderquist, 2005). This is because of the low prices that they offer to this group of people. Wal-Mart has opened up many outlets including in areas that are normally ignored by other retailers. It is also estimated that approximately quarter of those who frequent Wal-Mart do not have credit cards and are limited to using cash. This is a clear indication that most of the customers who frequent Wal-Mart are the low and middle-income earners. Wal-Mart is also the biggest shopping entity with more than 4,000 stores worldwide, which is twice more than the next competitors have. Wal-Mart, therefore, targets the people with limited financial abilities and those in remote areas whereas most of the competition seeks to impress the upper class members of the society (Blanchard, 2005). What image do they want to convey? Wal-Mart intends to show that it is possible to sell goods cheaply by reducing the costs of production. How do they attempt to position themselves in the minds of consumers in the market? Wal-Mart has positioned itself as the leading retailer in the industry. The low prices that they offer to consumers and ease of accessibility to the consumers are the factors that have made them to be the biggest retailer worldwide. What is their current image in the industry and in the minds of consumers? Most of the consumers

Dekalb Hospital Site Description Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Dekalb Hospital Site Description - Essay Example Currently, the organization is not affiliated to any academic institution. It has one full time specialized position, no part time specialized position and is an accredited residency site. Dekalp’s practice type is a hospital with 201 beds though its average patient rate 70. Its basic services are medical/ surgery, ICU, ER, psychiatry, and infectious disease but it also offers services in alcohol and drug therapy, rest care, diagnosis image, occupational therapy, orthopedics, physical therapy, and skilled nursing care. It also offers radiology services besides distributive services such as centralized unit dose distribution, decentralized unit dose distribution, IV preparation, TPN compounding, chemotherapy compounding among others. Further, it offers non distributive services such as patient rounds, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic consults, IV to PO conversion, drug information, newsletter provision, P&T committee/Formulatory development, Nursing/Physician/other healthcare prac titioner education, chart writing privileges, laboratory test order protocol, infectious disease service, nutritional support service and anticoagulation service. The organization monitors its patients on an average of 30 to 40 patients per day and adopts a bar-coding identification for non-distributive services. Its documentation system is Car Fusion-med Mind with application of barcode scanning, medication dispensing cabinets and robots for automation. The hospital derives its economics of practice from Medicare, Medicaid and private pay insurance on a 30 percent, 10 percent, and 50 percent contribution basis. The pharmacy is securely situated on the left side of the lobby on the hospital’s first floor and is under tight security that approves all entries. Once in the pharmacy that is about 800 squires, there is a wide working table at the centre and the director’s office to the right. The pharmacy’s products are

Financial Managment Course Project Topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Financial Managment Course Project Topic - Essay Example In normative way company can explain what should do for maintain accounts and finance in an accurate way and in positive way company can explain that what they are doing at present for maintain financial records. These theories help to make economic decision in the business. Financial theories provide a set of principles and focus on certain relationships which explain observed practices and these theories are also able to highlight the unobserved practices also. These theories also help to focus on an important factor and that is the procedure which a company is applying to utilize its financial resources (Kimmel, Weygandt and Kieso, 2010). If all the financial resources are not utilized properly or these resources are not utilized for the purpose of business then the business owner can get information by applying proper financial theories. Financial statements are main parts in any company to maintain the financial and accounting records. These statements are prepared by using rele vant financial theories. Above mentioned reasons are the motivational factors for doing such practices in every organization (Banerjee,

Quiz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Quiz - Essay Example Since its creation, the WTOs focus has shifted from public interest goals to ones dealing primarily with the liberalization of trade, helping trade flow as freely as possible. The philosophy of the most favored nation (MFN) is an outcome of the WTO agreements, what it implies is that if a country was to give preferential treatment to any one country with regard to any trade related issues, it was to treat all members equally regarding the same issue. Originally the MFN clause was included in bilateral trade agreements; however, several steps which limited the functioning of the MFN principle were taken in the1930s which led to the division of the world economy into a number of separate trade blocks. After going through this ordeal the WTO introduced MFN in the form of a multilateral reciprocal relationship. Ans: A customs union (CU) is a kind of trade bloc or a form of trade agreement under which the members preferentially grant limited or a tariff free market which allows access to each other’s import while upholding a common set of external tariffs to the imports from the non-member nations. Jagdish Bhagwati, who is known for his espousal of free global trade, would not be in favor of forming such a union as in such a situation, whether a country is part of the union or not, it is worse off than before. He is known to have criticized the foundations on which customs unions function for instance proximity of the trading nations & the volume of trade criterion. We should note however that formation of a custom union is the transition period between two states of trading equilibrium. Given any initial trading equilibrium, there exists a series of steps, and at each of these steps either new customs unions are created or the older unions are enlarged this happens due to the innate nature of the negative impact the unions create that in order to ensure that no member is harmed there is need to expand continuously ,ultimately leading to

Silver Blaze Essay Example for Free

Silver Blaze Essay What are the roles of Holmes and Watson within Silver Blaze and what is there relationship with each other? In this assignment I am going to look at the relationship between to characters that are both very hard to judge this is due to their roles and use in the storys created by Conan Doyle. Holmes and Watson are two characters, created by Conan Doyle. They live a very interesting and adventurous life. They have a great interest in crimes, which have been committed and enjoy solving them and understanding the criminals intentions. Watson is a retired medical who worked for the army and has a lot of knowledge. After reading Silver Blaze I have noted that Holmes always seems to be the master mind in solving the crimes, and that Watson is telling the story as though he is dictating it in his diary. It seems to give the reader the impression that Holmes gives the orders to Watson, but not in a harsh way, he gives the reader the impression as though he is the leader. Also when they arrive at the town of Tavistock they are greeted with great care, there is a carriage waiting to escort them to their hotel. The relationship between Holmes and Watson in Silver Blaze is clear. The first thing we can learn straight away is that both Holmes and Watson are both livening together and both also are always travelling together, this shows us that there relationship is strong, and we also can note that they never argue therefore there friendship is very strong. Also we know that not only do both Holmes and Watson live together but also work together. This makes it hard but yet also very easy to evaluate their relationship. This is because I could evaluate the relationship between Holmes and Watson if I was to read all the Conan Doyle books, which he wrote. I could judge the relationship easier, but the problem which I do face is that Holmes and Watson spend so much time together, there relationship is very strong and is lot more than I can talk about it through Silver Blaze. This is because from what I have read I see there relationship as two working partners, when I say partners I mean business partners. Also to show that the relationship of Watson and Holmes is very strong, in line 505 it shows Watson defending Holmes whos intentions are to drop this case; I was about to make some reply in defence of my friend, when he entered the room again. Watson gives the picture as though he is Holmes sidekick. This is the image given by the writer to the reader, but if you continue reading the story and understand the characters you can learn that both men would not be as successful as they are, if they werent together. This is because the two men both have great knowledge and expertise in different sectors and fields and always needs the others opinion. A good example of this is when they discover the knife that was used in the incident in Silver Blaze; Holmes turns to Watson for his medical expertise. This shows us that both men require each others knowledge. For example, Line 122, Watson ask, One moment! asked Watson. Did the stable boy, when he ran out with the dog, leave the door unlocked behind him? This allows us to see that Holmes requires Watsons help. We can tell this because of Holmes response is; Excellent, Watson! murmured my companion. The importance of the point struck me so forcibly that I sent a special wire to Dartmoor yesterday to clear the matter. This response tells us that Holmes requires Watsons knowledge. It also in a way steals Watsons clever work, ideas and his theory about the crime. This also tells us that Watson is not just a friend who helps Holmes by being with him, but Watson is an important part to Holmes cases, because of his knowledge. The writer Doyle gives us the impression that Watson is telling the story that makes the reader think that Watson does not play a major part in the case. A good example of this is: Excellent, Watson! murmured my companion. Murmured my companion, those three words tell us that Watson is telling the story. Also it also states Holmes and Watsons relationship, which is that the two are very close companions. Also I have noticed at the end of the short story Watson evaluates the story and the case after Holmes has explained the mystery and the puzzle of the case. Also a lot of the crime solving and puzzles are explained by Homes, the reason why I think this is because Watson is seen to be Holmes pupil. The reason why I think this is because all the explanation is done by Holmes and all the introduction to the cases are done by Homes. As example of this is shown on the first page to the story, Holmes explains to Watson about him leaving, and then Watson offers to come along, and once this is said by Watson, Holmes is very glad and happy that Watson has offered to come along. So overall I feel that his relationship between Holmes and Watson is very strong and powerful, this is because they have friendship, partnership and a lot of trust in each other. There partnership is also very successful because they both see each other as very useful, and are always happy to listen to each others views without arguing or disagreeing.

A Free Body Diagram Mechanics Essay

A Free Body Diagram Mechanics Essay A free body diagram consists primarily of a sketch of the body in question and arrows representing the forces applied to it. The selection of the body to sketch may be the first important decision in the problem solving process. For example, to find the forces on the pivot joint of a simple pair of pliers, it is helpful to draw a free body diagram of just one of the two pieces, not the entire system, replacing the second half with the forces it would apply to the first half. What is included The sketch of the free body need include only as much detail as necessary. Often a simple outline is sufficient. Depending on the analysis to be performed and the model being employed, just a single point may be the most appropriate. All external contacts, constraints, and body forces are indicated by vector arrows labeled with appropriate descriptions. The arrows show the direction and magnitude of the various forces. To the extent possible or practical, the arrows should indicate the point of application of the force they represent. Only the forces acting on the object are included. These may include forces such as friction, gravity, normal force, drag, or simply contact force due to pushing. When in a non-inertial reference frame, fictitious forces, such as centrifugal force may be appropriate. A coordinate system is usually included, according to convenience. This may make defining the vectors simpler when writing the equations of motion. The x direction might be chosen to point down the ramp in an inclined plane problem, for example. In that case the friction force only has an x component, and the normal force only has a y component. The force of gravity will still have components in both the x and y direction: mgsin(ÃŽÂ ¸) in the x and mgcos(ÃŽÂ ¸) in the y, where ÃŽÂ ¸ is the angle between the ramp and the horizontal. What is excluded All external contacts and constraints are left out and replaced with force arrows as described above. Forces which the free body applies to other objects are not included. For example, if a ball rests on a table, the ball applies a force to the table, and the table applies an equal and opposite force to the ball. The FBD of the ball only includes the force that the table causes on the ball. Internal forces, forces between various parts that make up the system that is being treated as a single body, are omitted. For example, if an entire truss is being analyzed to find the reaction forces at the supports, the forces between the individual truss members are not included. Any velocity or acceleration is left out. These may be indicated instead on a companion diagram, called Kinetic diagrams, Inertial response diagrams, or the equivalent, depending on the author. Assumptions The free body diagram reflects the assumption and simplifications made in order to analyze the system. If the body in question is a satellite in orbit for example, and all that is required is to find its velocity, then a single point may be the best representation. On the other hand, the brake dive of a motorcycle cannot be found from a single point, and a sketch with finite dimensions is required. Force vectors must be carefully located and labeled to avoid assumptions that presuppose a result. For example, in the accompanying diagram of a block on a ramp, the exact location of the resulting normal force of the ramp on the block can only be found after analyzing the motion or by assuming equilibrium. Other simplifying assumptions that may be considered include two-force members and three-force members. Drawing Free-Body Diagrams Free-body diagrams are diagrams used to show the relative magnitude and direction of all forces acting upon an object in a given situation. A free-body diagram is a special example of the vector diagrams which were discussed in an earlier unit. These diagrams will be used throughout our study of physics. The size of the arrow in a free-body diagram is reflects the magnitude of the force. The direction of the arrow shows the direction which the force is acting. Each force arrow in the diagram is labeled to indicate the exact type of force. It is generally customary in a free-body diagram to represent the object by a box and to draw the force arrow from the center of the box outward in the direction which the force is acting. An example of a free-body diagram is shown at the right. The free-body diagram above depicts four forces acting upon the object. Objects do not necessarily always have four forces acting upon them. There will be cases in which the number of forces depicted by a free-body diagram will be one, two, or three. There is no hard and fast rule about the number of forces which must be drawn in a free-body diagram. The only rule for drawing free-body diagrams is to depict all the forces which exist for that object in the given situation. Thus, to construct free-body diagrams, it is extremely important to know the various types of forces. If given a description of a physical situation, begin by using your understanding of the force types to identify which forces are present. Then determine the direction in which each force is acting. Finally, draw a box and add arrows for each existing force in the appropriate direction; label each force arrow according to its type. If necessary, refer to the list of forces and their description in order to understa nd the various force types and their appropriate symbols. EXAMPLES No doubt you are aware of free body diagrams (otherwise known as FBDs). These are simplified representations of an object (thebody) in a problem, and includes force vectors acting on the object. This body isfreebecause the diagram will show it without its surroundings Lets take Figure 1 to be a pictoral representation of our problem: a boat on the floor, with a rope pulling it. First we will represent the boat the body in our problem as a (really) simplified figure, a square Gravity The first force we will investigate is that due to gravity, and well call it thegravitational force. We know that the acceleration due to gravity (if on Earth) is approximatelyg= 9.8 m/s . The force, by Newtons Second Law is F= mg wheregis the acceleration due to gravity. Lets add this to our diagram . Note that the force vector, labelledFmg, points downward, as this is the direction in which the gravitation force acts. Note that this force is commonly calledweight. This weight (mg) is different from our everyday use of the word weight (which is known in physics as mass). Normal Thenormal forceone which prevents objects from falling into whatever it is they are sitting upon. It is alwaysperpendicularto the surface with which an object is in contact. For example, if there is a crate on the floor, then we say that the crate experiences a normal forcebythe floor; and because of this force, the crate does not fall into the floor. The normal force on the crate points upward, perpendicular to the floor. It is called the normal force becausenormalandperpendicularmean the same thing. The normal force is always perpendicular to the surface with which a body is in constact. For a body on a sloped surface (say a ramp), the normal force acting on that body is still perpendicular to the slope. In the case of our problem, the ship, we will pretend the ship is being pulled on a floor. (This is because on water there is the complication with another force, buoyancy. For simplicitys sake, we will ignore buoancy by putting the ship on the floor.) Lets add the normal force to our FBD (Figure ), and represent the normal force with the script N, . Friction Related to the normal force is thefrictional force. The two are related because they are both due to the surface in contact with the body. Whereas the normal force was perpendicular to the surface, the frictional force is parallel. Furthermore, friction opposes motion, and so its vector always points away from the direction of movement. Friction is divided into two categories, static and kinetic. These are represented by the script F, with a subscript s for static friction:, and a subscript k for kinetic friction,. As its name suggests,static frictionoccurs when the body is not moving (i.e. static). It is the force which makes it difficult to start something moving. On the other hand,kinetic frictionoccurs when the body is in motion. This is the force which causes objects to slow down and eventually stop. Friction is usually approximated as being proportional to the normal force. The proportionality constant is called the coefficient of (static or kinetic) friction. The constant is represented asfor static friction, andfor kinetic friction; it depends on the actual surface with which the body is in contact. To summarize, Weve added (kinetic) friction to our free body diagram, Figure . Push and Pull Another force which may act on an object could be any physical push or pull. This could be caused by a person pushing a crate on the floor, a child pulling on a wagon, or in the case of our example, the wind pushing on the ship. We will label the push force caused by the wind withFpush Tension Tension in an object results if pulling force act on its ends, such as in a rope used to pull a boulder. If no forces are acting on the rope, say, except at its ends, and the rope itself is in equilibrium, then the tension is the same throughout the rope. We will use the letterTto represent tension in a free body diagram. If we say that our ship is being pulled by a rope at its front end, then we can add this force to our FBD (Figure ). And there we have it: all the forces acting on our ship has been labelled in Figure . This is the complete FBD for our problem of a ship being pulled along a floor by a rope Steering Wheel and Pedals of a Bicycle Two examples of the turning effect of two equal and opposite forces not acting in the same straight line are the steering wheel and the pedals of a bicycle. In the figure (a) below, the left hand is pulling with force F on the steering wheel while the right hand is pushing with the same force F. The two forces make the wheel turn in an anticlockwise direction. In figure (b) shown above, one pedal is being pushed forward while the other is being pushed back. This rotates the sprocket wheel and the attached chain anticlockwise. Can you think of other everyday examples in which a turning effect or rotation takes place? Examples of Couple In our day-to-day life, we come across many objects which work on the principle of couple. Winding up the spring of a toy car, opening and closing the cap of a bottle, turning of a water tap, cork screws, door key etc. are some of the common examples of couples. A beam balance The physical balance used in the school laboratory is pivoted in the middle with equal arms. The two scale pans of equal weights are hung from the upper edge of wedge shaped supports at either end of the beam. When the beam is raised for weighing, it swings freely about the lower edge of a wedge shaped support in the center. In this position the balance is in equilibrium. Beam balance Because l1= l2and m1= m2, according to the principle of moments, m1x l1= m2x l2 Now if you place a mass of 1 kg in one pan and an unknown mass x on the other pan so that the balance is in equilibrium. then, (m1+ x) l1= (m2+ 1) l2 As m1= m2and l1= l2 x = 1 kg Let us calculate what part of the load each boy carries. To find the upward force exerted by the boy at A, we shall consider the hand of the boy at B as the pivot. Now, the clockwise moment = F1x 5 m and the anticlockwise moment due to the load 900 N = 900 x 3. If the bar is in equilibrium, then F1x 5 = 900 x 3 F1= 900 x= 540 N Hence, the force exerted by the boy = 540 N. But F1+ F2= 900 N (sum of the downward forces equal to the sum of upward forces). Therefore, F2= 900 F1 = 900 540 = 360 N The force exerted by the boy at B can also be calculated by using A as a pivot. Therefore, F2x 5 = 900 x 2 or, F1= 900 x = 360 N REFERENCE WWW.ELIS.COM WWW.ENCYCLOPEDIA.COM WWW.ANSWER.COM DIFFERENT BOOKS R.S. KHURMI G.K. LAL

How to measure noise pollution

How to measure noise pollution Executive Summary Noise and pollution, and man was created noise harmful to health or welfare. Transport vehicles are the worst offenders, with aircraft, rail, trucks, buses, cars and motorcycles for producing excessive noise. Construction equipment, for example, breaker and bulldozers, also produce substantial noise pollution. Noise intensity is measured in units of dB. Logarithmic scale is dB, every increase of 10 dB represents a tenfold increase in the intensity of noise. Human perception of size is also consistent with a logarithmic scale, an increase of 10 dB is seen as almost double the size of the volume. Thus, 30 dB is 10 times more intense than 20 decibels and sounds loud and twice, 40 dB is 100 times more intense than 20 and sounds 4 times louder, 80 decibels is 1 million times more intense than 20 and sounds 64 times stronger. Distance reduces the level of decibels effective up to the ear. Therefore, the moderate movement of vehicles at a distance of 100 feet (30 m) rates about 50 decibels. To the driver with an open window or pedestrians on the sidewalk, and the rates of movement itself about 70 dB, that is, it sounds louder than 4 times. At a distance of 2000 feet (600 m), and the noise of aircraft taking off up to about 110 decibels, about the same century, the car only 3 feet (1 m) away. Introduction Noise pollution is a leak sound is unwanted, uncontrollable and unpredictable, and not necessarily strong in the lives of people of reasonable sensitivity. Using the reasonable person standard eliminates the idea that the sentence is subjective and unwanted sound. The sound can be returned unwanted noise or return to the Old Testament, and the stories of loud music, barking dogs, as well as the Romanian city where the old residents complained about noisy vehicles delivered in the cobbled streets around them. Has made the industrial revolution, and the growth of cities, the demand for transport in the world, even louder. With the modern world depends so enchanted with noise and noise technology for aircraft produced cars, helicopters, motorcycles, snowmobiles, jet skis, blowers and paper, amplified music, and bass-driven stereo systems, cars surrounding noise level to accelerate quickly. This increase in noise led to the research examines the impact of noise on the lives and activitie s of persons reasonable. The result was a set of evidence strongly suggests that noise is hazardous to good health, mental and physical health. Voices should not be so strong can not be considered interference, for example, drip of the faucet, President of the jet, or stereo late at night, a neighbor. Annoying noise, especially at night when you try to sleep, and sleeping well is essential for good health. Can exposure to noise over time be stressful, causing adverse health effects such as high blood pressure. Although there is a need for more research to strengthen the link noise and health, there is agreement that reduces the noise quality of life. Noise can be particularly harmful for children. Research shows that houses noisy slow cognitive development and language in young children. In addition, children who live and learn in a school near noisy roads, railways and airports and low scores in reading, and some children who live or go to school near the main airport and had high blood pressure. How to measure noise? Noise is measured in decibels, dB. And called on the tool used to measure the sound level. It is designed to respond equally to the human ear, and give an objective assessment of sound pressure level. Even if the noise is a major environmental problem, it is often difficult to determine the associated costs. The report identified the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development in the social costs of road transport four categories of the impact of noise from transport; Low real estate values Loss of mental health care costs for the treatment of loss of sleep, hearing problems or stress loss of productivity due to poor concentration, communication difficulties or fatigue due to inadequate rest Causes:- Causes of noise pollution traffic noise is the main source of noise pollution in urban areas. With the increasing number of vehicles on the road, and cause noise exhaust fumes from cars and trucks, buses and motorcycles is the main reason for the noise. The aircraft flying at low altitude above the height of national parks, wilderness areas and other areas of vacant, the greater the noise level significantly in these areas were not affected in the past. People living next to railway stations to put up with a lot of noise from locomotive engines, horns and whistles and switch management operating in the rail yards. This is the main source of noise pollution. to meet the needs of the basic necessities of life, and build highways, buildings and streets in the city is making a lot of noise. Breaker, compressors, bulldozers, loaders, dump trucks and paving breakers are the main sources of noise pollution at construction sites. Although not the main cause of industrial noise and adds noise. Machinery, engines and compressors used in the industries to create a lot of noise that is added to the negative hype already. plumbing, boilers, generators, air conditioners and fans create a lot of noise in buildings, in addition to noise conditions. equipment for the home, such as vacuum cleaners, blenders, and some noisy devices in the home. Although it does not cause a big problem, can not impact can not be ignored. Effects:- Hearing loss Mechanism of hearing loss stems from the shock of the stereocilia of the cochlea, and the main structure of the inner ear fluid. Finland, together with the middle ear sound pressure levels increases by a factor of twenty, in the sound pressure level is very high up to the cochlea, sound alarms even moderate weather. The underlying disease to the cochlea is the reactive oxygen species, which play an important role in noise-induced necrosis and apoptosis of stereocilia. Exposure to high levels of noise have different effects in a certain number of the population, and the involvement of reactive oxygen species suggests possible ways to treat or prevent hearing damage and cellular structures associated with them. The effects of the heart and blood vessels Noise associated with significant health problems, heart and blood vessels. In 1999, the World Health Organization has concluded that available evidence suggested a weak association between long-term exposure to noise above 67-70 dB (A) and high blood pressure. It was suggested that more recent studies show that the noise levels of 50 dB (A) at night may also increase the risk of myocardial infarction with the production of cortical is chronically elevated. Stress Conduct research on the rocky road of isolation of the United Kingdom manufacturer, and reveals in the UK in third place (33%) of victims of civil unrest, noisy parties are required to have prevented them from sleeping or stressed over the past two years. Almost one in ten (9%) of those affected by civil unrest, which claims to be left constantly disturbed and stressed. More than 1.8 million people, have made their lives hell, noisy neighbors and can not enjoy their home. The impact of noise on health may be a serious problem in all parts of the UK for more than 17.5 million Britons (38%) were troubled by the residents of nearby properties in the past two years. For a period of approximately ten (7%), British, and this is normal Conclusion Noise quiet because of the death and the concern of the community did not create much on the impact of noise on workers alike can not be relied upon in the industries, in particular, and the public in the community as a universal. Noise is of significant environmental pollutants contaminate our air, water and soil. It has the ability to destroy the bridges and the development of cracks in buildings. Can also cause skin noise and mental illness. It explained that the noise is a technology created the problem and all the noise is doubling every 10 years in the hand in hand with social progress and industry. Influenced to a large extent because of environmental pollution of noise, with the sunrise every day. Noise pollution in different parts of the increases in and around the city workplaces and homes. Noise levels peaked in the Twilight Zone when people are at work now, and traffic until it reaches during peak hours.

Were the Republicans Hypocrites? :: essays research papers

†¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Daniel Webster defines a Hypocrite as â€Å"a person who puts on a false appearance of virtue or religion† †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A Democratic-Republican opposes a strong central government with most power assigned to the states, Alexander Hamilton's economic policies, advocates a liberal agrarian democracy, a foreign policy favoring the French Revolution while also appealing to poor townsfolk. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Both Mr. Jefferson and I were firm believers of Republican ideals, but under the circumstances, we had to adapt to the issues that affected our presidencies. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many people believe that Thomas Jefferson’s desire to acquire land exceeded executive powers established under the constitution. However, the United States is a growing nation, and I experienced this growth as secretary of state for Mr. Jefferosn. This chart represents the population of the United States from when the first census was preformed until the projected numbers for the 1820 census. As you can plainly see, the number of people in the United States is growing by 2-2.5 million people per decade. There is not enough land to support these numbers, but buying the Louisiana Purchase added plenty of space for our nation to continue growing. Population density will be at a low for the time being thanks to westward expansion. The Louisiana Purchase will also add to our agrarian economy, which is supported by Republicans. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As secretary of state to President Jefferson, I realized the importance of Tripolian conflict, and applied them to my presidency as I handled the War of 1812. The Algerian corsairs captured 119 American merchantmen, held them captive for over 12 years, beat them regularly, were fed near-starvation rations, and were forced to work hard labor. These were American citizens waiting to be liberated. What was Jefferson to do sit back and watch these innocent civilians die, and pay an extreme ransom for their freedom? 31 hostages had already died in captivity, and you think Jefferson should have let the Pasha of Tripoli get away with these murders? Any president under these circumstances would have done the same thing Jefferson did; these acts were humiliating to the United States. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The War of 1812 was similar to Jefferson’s Barbary conflict. American sailors were being impressed by England. The Committee on Foreign Relations of the United States House of Representatives stated in their report, â€Å"The non-intercourse and non-importation laws, which invited the return of both powers to their former state of amicable relations, by offering

stem cell :: essays research papers

Stem Cell Research One of the most popular clinical studies being researched these days is stem cell transplantation. Until recently, moral issues of states and countries haven't allowed research to expound deeply into the unknowns. Within the last ten years though, scientists have made leaps and bounds in finding out concrete facts that this stem cell research has supplied. Tommy G. Thompson, Secretary of Health Services states, "I believe it will open up a world of opportunity for scientists, not only at the NIH, but elsewhere, because it demonstrates a cooperative atmosphere among academia, the private sector, and government that will allow us to move ahead" ("sign stem"1). New ways of conducting stem cell research have made the healing and repairing treatment for many diverse applications. To prove their point, scientists have broken down the basic facts of their studies throughout the last ten years. Embryonic stem cell transplantation is a related course of cells that are in charge of certain functions and systems of the body. The cells used in the transplantation process are contrived from "cryopreserved suspensions" from the fetal liver, thymus, bone marrow, spleen, brain, and the pancreas. Introducing these cells to the body can be approached in different ways. The first step taken is engrafting or multiplying cells in the affected area. These cells will then supplement missing or declining cells and replace/repair missing functions of the body. Production then commences with considerable amounts of biologically active substances such as nerve growth factor, tumor necrosis factor and interleukins etc. When these cells have been transplanted, they are capable of migrating, establishing intercellular links and responding to various effects. However, becaus e of their immature transplantation to the human body, these cells cause a weaker immune response than mature cells. Alexander Smikodub, a doctor of Medical Science at the National Medical University states, "cells that we use are not considered by the immune system of the recipient as foreign, therefore, they can survive, multiply, and develop full function in the body of a new host" Smikodub). These cells can then survive and multiply, capable of lasting for months and years in the body of the recipient. In the areas where tissue or organs have been damaged or lost, they substitute the lack of functional activities. These cells can also produce new generations of cells that are needed by the patient. When strategically placed, they can support, restore and replace the functions of their specialization in the body.

Chapter 16-17

Week Three E16-17 Req. 1 Fido Grooming| Income Statement| Month of April| Wages| 3,900. 00| Grooming Supplies Expense| 1,625. 00| Building Rent Expense| 1,300. 00| Utilities| 325. 00| Depreciation on Equipment| 130. 00| Total Operating Expense| 7,280. 00| | | Income for April| 16,300. 00| Net Operating Income = Income – Operating ExpenseNOI= 16,300. 00 – 7280. 00NOI = 9,020. 00| | Req. 2 Unit Cost Per Service = Total Service Cost/Total Number of Services Provided UCPS = 7,280. 00 / 650 UCPS = 11. 20 Unit cost to groom one dog = $11. 20 P 16-25A Req. 1 Fido Treats|Schedule of Cost of Goods Manufactured| Year Ended December 31, 2012| Beginning Work in Process Inventory| | 13,400. 00| | Direct Materials Used:| | | | Beginning Direct Materials Inventory| -| -| | Purchases of Direct Materials (Including Freight In)| 33,000. 00| -| | Available for Use| 33,000. 00| | | Ending Direct Materials Inventory| 2,000. 00| | | Direct Materials Used| | 31,000. 00| | Direct Labor| | 22,0 00. 00| | Manufacturing Overhead:| | | | Indirect Materials| 1,700. 00| | | Indirect Labor| 800. 00| | | Depreciation – Plant and Equipment| -| | |Plant Utilities, Insurance, and Property Taxes| 1,600. 00| | | Total Manufacturing Overhead| | 4,100. 00| | Total Manufacturing Costs Incurred During the Year| | | 57,100. 00| Total Manufacturing Costs to Account For| | | 70,500. 00| Ending Work in Process Inventory| | | (2,000. 00)| Costs of Goods Manufactured| | | 68,500. 00| Req. 2 Fido Treats| Income Statement| Year Ended December 31, 2012| Sales Revenue| | 109,000. 00| Less: Sales Returns and Allowances| -| | Less: Sales Discounts| -| | | | -| Net Sales Revenue| | 109,000. 00|Cost of Goods Sold:| | | Beginning Finished Goods Inventory| -| | Cost of Goods Manufactured| 68,500. 00| | Cost of Goods Available for Sale| 68,500. 00| | Ending Finished Goods Inventory| 5,300. 00| | Cost of Goods Sold| | 82,600. 00| Gross Profit| | 26,400. 00| Operating Expense| | | Wage Expense| 5,000 . 00| | Rent Expense| 13,000. 00| | Hotline Expense| 1,400. 00| | Total Operating Expense| | 19,400. 00| Operating Income| | 7,000. 00| Net Income| | 7,000. 00| P 17-26A Req. 1 Job Cost Record| JOB NO. 423CUSTOMER NAME: Lu Technology, Co.JOB DESCRIPTION: 5,900 DVDs| DATE PROMISED 4-5| DATE STARTED 4-2| DATE COMPLETED 4-3| DATE| DIRECT MATERIALS| DIRECT LABOR| MANUFACTURING OVERHEAD ALLOCATED| | REQUISITION NO. | AMOUNT| LABOR TIME RECORD NO. | AMOUNT| DATE| RATE| AMOUNT| 4| 2| 64| 341. 00| 10| 140. 00| 4-3| 125%| Of Direct Labor Cost| 500. 00| 4| 2| 64| 675. 00| | | | | | | 4| 3| 74| 126. 00| 20| 260. 00| Overall Cost Summary| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Direct materials| 1,142. 00| | | | | | | Direct labor| 400. 00| | | | | | | Manufacturing overhead allocated| 500. 00| Totals| | 1,142. 0| | 400. 00| Total Job Cost| 2,042. 00| | Cost per DVD| 0. 35| Req. 2 Journal Entry| DATE| ACCOUNTS AND EXPLANATIONS| POST. REF. | DEBIT| CREDIT| Apr| 2| Materials Inventory: Requisition 63 Polycarbo nate Plastic| | 341. 00| | | | Accounts Payable| | | 341. 00| | | | | | | | 2| Materials Inventory: Requisition 64: Acrylic Plastic| | 675. 00| | | | Accounts Payable| | | 675. 00| | | | | | | | 3| Materials Inventory: Requisition 74: Refined Aluminum| | 126. 00| | | | Accounts Payable| | | 126. 00| | | | | | | | | Materials Inventory: Movie File| | 2,950. 00| | | Accounts Payable| | | 2,950. 00| | | | | | | Req. 3 Journal Entry| DATE| ACCOUNTS AND EXPLANATIONS| POST. REF. | DEBIT| CREDIT| Apr| 3| Finished Goods Inventory| | 5,900. 00| | | | Work In Process Inventory| | | 5,900. 00| | | | | | | | 3| Accounts Receivable| | 7,670. 00| | | | Sales Revenue| | | 7,670. 00| | | | | | | | 3| Cost of Goods Sold| | 5,900. 00| | | | Finished Goods Inventory| | | 5,900. 00| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | P 17A-11A Req. 1 Compute the number of equivalent units and the cost per equivalent unit in the Assembly Department for November. Amy Electronics| * Equivalent Units – Assembly De partment| * Month Ended November 30| * | * | * | * Step 2: Equivalent Units| * Whole Units| * Direct Materials| * Conversion Costs| * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | Req. 1 Amy Electronics| Cost per Equivalent Unit – Assembly Department| Month Ended November 30| | * | * | | * | * | * | | * | * | * | | * | * | * | | * | * | * | | * | * | * | | * * Req. 2Assign total costs in the Assembly Department to (a) units completed and transferred to Programming during November and (b) units still in process at November 30. * Amy Electronics| * Assignment of Cost – Assembly Department| * Month Ended November 30| * | * | | | * | | | | * | * | * | * | * | * | Req. 3 Prepare a T-account for Work in process inventory—Assembly to show its activity during November, including the November 30 balance. Work in process inventory- Assembly| * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * |

Race and Ethnicity Essay

Stereotypes have existed in a very long time, and almost everyone has stereotyped a person or has been considered as belonging to a particular group of stereotypes. But what is a stereotype actually? Stereotyping is a way to group races or individuals together and make a judgment about them, without even knowing them. It’s a belief about a certain social group or type of individuals. Stereotypes can be positive, however stereotypes are most often associated with negativity. Stereotypes often exist about cultures and countries as a whole, and it makes it easier to define a country or race, if you put them in specific groups. Almost every country or race has a stereotype. There exist infinitely many different stereotypes. As said before, they exist based groups and race, but also on gender and age. There are common stereotypes, which is about and between the cultures. Some common stereotype examples are, that all Asians have high IQs or black people are always connected to crime and violence. It’s grouping the race together saying that every Asian person is smart and every black person is criminal. Another type of stereotyping is the individual, which is about skaters, emos, gangsters and so on. Emos are stereotyped as being depressed people, who listen to sad music and cut themselves. Individual stereotypes are most between teenagers and in the schools, because younger people want to make one group or person superior and above another group or person. Stereotypes are not just about different races and backgrounds however. Gender and ago stereotypes also exist in our society. For example, if you say that men are better than women, you’re stereotyping all men and all women. The invention of stereotypes has come naturally though time. When we see persons we don’t know, we automatically begin to put them in different groups in our head. It makes us believe we actually know them better or know what type of persons they are. An example can be a person from the Middle East, because many people often connect them with only troubles and thefts. In that way we personally feel more safety, because then we might say to ourselves that we have to take care and be more careful about what to say so there won’t be any problems. On the other hand our thoughts about stereotypes aren’t always negative. We say that Italian are great cooks and make delicious food, which is a positive stereotype about Italy. ThereforeIda Jessen og Rikke Hemmingsen HH1C Silkeborg Handelsgymnasiet aren’t stereotypes the same as prejudices. Stereotypes are often exaggerated and funny and prejudices are only negative opinions about people and things. Stereotypes always appear negative in the medias. Again we’re comparing with the people from the Middle East. When there has been a crime and they’re talking about it in the medias, it has always been told loud and clear if it’s immigrates who had make a crime. On the other hand when it’s a local person, it has never been told. Therefore we actually compare stereotypes with only bad things, because that’s how it has been appeared in the medias and it affects us, but stereotypes are often fun.

Volcanic Assignment

Melanie Brooke Yeakley 1. What is the myth from which volcanoes get their name? †¢It comes from the little island of Vulcano in the Mediterranean Sea off Sicily. Centuries ago, the people living in this area believed that Vulcano was the chimney of the forge of Vulcan–the blacksmith of the Roman gods. They thought that the hot lava fragments and clouds of dust erupting from Vulcano came from Vulcan's forge as he beat out thunderbolts for Jupiter, king of the gods, and weapons for Mars, the god of war. 2. What is the difference between magma and lava? Molten rock below the surface of the Earth that rises in volcanic vents is known as  magma, but after it erupts from a volcano it is called  lava 3. What are the main types of volcanoes? †¢cinder cones, composite volcanoes, shield volcanoes, and lava domes. 4. The Hawaiian Islands are what type of volcano? How tall is Mauna Loa? †¢Shield volcanoes; 13,677 feet above sea level 5. What type of volcanoes are the mo st violent? †¢Plinian 6. Are all eruptions alike? Describe the type of eruption of Mt. St Helens? †¢No; †¢It involves the explosive ejection of relatively viscous lava, it can send ash and volcanic gas tens of miles into the air.The resulting ash fallout can affect large areas hundreds of miles downwind. Fast-moving deadly pyroclastic flows 7. The Pacific ring of Fire is an example of volcanoes that form at ___________ _____________. †¢Plate boundary The Hawaiian Islands are examples of ____-________ ______________. †¢Intra plate 8. What are some of the common methods used to study volcanic related phenomena? †¢Measurement of changes in the shape of the volcano †¢Precise determination of the location and magnitude of earthquakes by a well-designed seismic network †¢Measurement of changes in volcanic-gas composition and in magnetic field 9.Go to intro to granite and play with the clickable map. This photo shows an excellent example of a phaneri tic (coarse grained) texture. These type of textures form from the slow cooling of plutonic or intrusive igneous rocks. What is the pink mineral? †¢Igneous rock †¢potassium feldspar 10. Why is granite like ice cream? The analogy is humorous, but good. †¢Both ice cream and granite start out as liquids which when cooled became solid, and both will melt again if the temperature gets hot enough. †¢Both  ice cream  and granite become crystalline when they become solid. Part 2 Most of these questions can answered using your text. Chapter 6) 11. What two criteria are used to identify igneous rocks? †¢Chemical content and grain size 12. What distinguishes mafic from felsic igneous rocks? (hint think about chemistry) †¢Felsic rocks have more quartz in them. †¢Mafic rocks tend to contain magnesium-rich minerals like olivine and pyroxene. 13. What are three controls on the melting of rock material? †¢Mineral composition, temperature, pressure 14. Wha t are the tectonic settings associated with the formation of basaltic composition magmas? †¢Basaltic composition magmas occur in oceanic hotspots where a mantle plume interacts with oceanic lithosphere. 5. What is the tectonic setting for the formation of intermediate composition magmas? †¢Convergent boundaries 16. How would you distinguish between an intrusive and extrusive igneous rock? †¢Intrusive  igneous rocks cooled below the surface of the planet, †¢Extrusive  rocks are formed from magma at or above the surface of the planet, 17. What is magmatic differentiation? †¢The process by which chemically different igneous rocks, such as basalt and granite, can form from the same initial magma 18. Which volcanic hazard is the leading cause of death? (section 6. 8) †¢Asphyxiation as peopled breath hot gas and ash

Quantitative Analysis for Managerial Applications

ASSIGNMENTS Course Code:MS 08 Course Title:Quantitative Analysis for Managerial Applications Assignment No. :MS-08/TMA/SEM-I/2013 Coverage:All Blocks Note : Attempt all the questions and submit this assignment on or before 30th April, 2013 to the coordinator of your study center. 1. A sum of `8550 is to be paid in 15 installments where each installment is `10 more than the previous installment. Find the first installment and the last installment. Let x = the first payment. The sequence of 15 payments is (1) x, x+10, x+20, x+30, †¦ , x+140 The sum of these 15 payments is 2) 15x + 10*(14*15/2) or (3) 15x + 1050 Now set (3) equal to the total sum to be made and get (4) 15x + 1050 = 8550 or (5) 15x = 7500 or (6) x = 500 The last payment in (1) is x + 140 or (7) 15th = 640 Answer: The first payment is $500 and the last payment is $640. I'll leave it to you to add up the sequence of (1) to â€Å"prove† that our answer is right. LOL 2. A salesman is known to sell a product in 3 out of 5 attempts. While another salesman in 2 out of 5 attempts. Find the probability that a. No sales will happen b. Either of them will succeed in selling the productLet A be the event that the first salesman will sell the product and B be the event that the second salesman will sell the product. Given (1) Probability that no sales will happen = P(A') ? P(B') (2) Probability that either of the salesman will succeed in selling the product = P(A') ? P(B) + P(A) ? P(B') 3. A hundred squash balls are tested by dropping from a height of 100 inches and measuring the height of the bounce. A ball is â€Å"fast† if it rises above 32 inches. The average height of bounce was 30 inches and the standard deviation was ? inches. What is the chance of getting a â€Å"fast† standard ball? T otal no. of observations N = 100 Mean,? 30inches Standard deviation, ? =3/4 inches=0. 75 inches Suppose ‘x' is the normal variable=32 inches 4. Explain the chi-square testing- (i) as a test for independence of attributes, and (ii) as a test for goodness of fit. About the Chi-Square Test Generally speaking, the chi-square test is a statistical test used to examine differences with categorical variables. There are a number of features of the social world we characterize through categorical variables – religion, political preference, etc. To examine hypotheses using such variables, use the chi-square test. The chi-square test is used in two similar but distinct circumstances: a. or estimating how closely an observed distribution matches an expected distribution – we'll refer to this as the goodness-of-fit test b. for estimating whether two random variables are independent. The Goodness-of-Fit Test One of the more interesting goodness-of-fit applications of the chi-square test is to examine issues of fairness and cheating in games of chance, such as cards, dice, and roulette. Since such games usually involve wagering, there is significant incentive for peopl e to try to rig the games and allegations of missing cards, â€Å"loaded† dice, and â€Å"sticky† roulette wheels are all too common.So how can the goodness-of-fit test be used to examine cheating in gambling? It is easier to describe the process through an example. Take the example of dice. Most dice used in wagering have six sides, with each side having a value of one, two, three, four, five, or six. If the die being used is fair, then the chance of any particular number coming up is the same: 1 in 6. However, if the die is loaded, then certain numbers will have a greater likelihood of appearing, while others will have a lower likelihood. One night at the Tunisian Nights Casino, renowned gambler Jeremy Turner (a. k. a.The Missouri Master) is having a fantastic night at the craps table. In two hours of playing, he's racked up $30,000 in winnings and is showing no sign of stopping. Crowds are gathering around him to watch his streak – and The Missouri Master is telling anyone within earshot that his good luck is due to the fact that he's using the casino's lucky pair of â€Å"bruiser dice,† so named because one is black and the other blue. Unbeknownst to Turner, however, a casino statistician has been quietly watching his rolls and marking down the values of each roll, noting the values of the black and blue dice separately.After 60 rolls, the statistician has become convinced that the blue die is loaded. Value on Blue DieObserved FrequencyExpected Frequency 11610 2510 3910 4710 5610 61710 Total6060 At first glance, this table would appear to be strong evidence that the blue die was, indeed, loaded. There are more 1's and 6's than expected, and fewer than the other numbers. However, it's possible that such differences occurred by chance. The chi-square statistic can be used to estimate the likelihood that the values observed on the blue die occurred by chance. The key idea of the chi-square test is a comparison of observed and expec ted values.How many of something were expected and how many were observed in some process? In this case, we would expect 10 of each number to have appeared and we observed those values in the left column. With these sets of figures, we calculate the chi-square statistic as follows: Using this formula with the values in the table above gives us a value of 13. 6. Lastly, to determine the significance level we need to know the â€Å"degrees of freedom. † In the case of the chi-square goodness-of-fit test, the number of degrees of freedom is equal to the number of terms used in calculating chi-square minus one.There were six terms in the chi-square for this problem – therefore, the number of degrees of freedom is five. We then compare the value calculated in the formula above to a standard set of tables. The value returned from the table is 1. 8%. We interpret this as meaning that if the die was fair (or not loaded), then the chance of getting a ? 2 statistic as large or l arger than the one calculated above is only 1. 8%. In other words, there's only a very slim chance that these rolls came from a fair die. The Missouri Master is in serious trouble. Testing IndependenceThe other primary use of the chi-square test is to examine whether two variables are independent or not. What does it mean to be independent, in this sense? It means that the two factors are not related. Typically in social science research, we're interested in finding factors that are related – education and income, occupation and prestige, age and voting behavior. In this case, the chi-square can be used to assess whether two variables are independent or not. More generally, we say that variable Y is â€Å"not correlated with† or â€Å"independent of† the variable X if more of one is not associated with more of another.If two categorical variables are correlated their values tend to move together, either in the same direction or in the opposite. Example Return to the example discussed at the introduction to chi-square, in which we want to know whether boys or girls get into trouble more often in school. Below is the table documenting the percentage of boys and girls who got into trouble in school: Got in TroubleNo TroubleTotal Boys4671117 Girls3783120 Total83154237 To examine statistically whether boys got in trouble in school more often, we need to frame the question in terms of hypotheses.

Drugs and Alcohol on campus ( I DONT WANT ALCOHOL ON CAMPUS) Research Paper

Drugs and Alcohol on campus ( I DONT WANT ALCOHOL ON CAMPUS) - Research Paper Example Though seemingly obvious, it has caused havoc among institutions’ leadership, governments, and policy makers. Despite the enormous knowledge gained from campus on the great discoveries in the world, American history and quantum physics, most of them do not comprehend the looming health problems that are associated with alcohol and other drugs use. In fact, some students consider this behavior as a show of might and fame. As a campus student, I know the problem is wide spread in campuses, or at least in my campus, as close to 88% of my fellow students use alcohol and other drugs. It goes for other campuses across the country, and the globe at large. Applying simple arithmetic calculations, this estimate translates to 9 out of ten campus students being users of alcohol and other drugs. Now, these figures are shocking if we consider the risks involved with alcoholism and substance abuse like road accidents to social crime like rape, all resulting from intoxicated minds. In extreme circumstances, health conditions like cirrhosis and a variety of cancer may be the result. Adding pain to injury, most of the alcohol products and drugs are available within the campus environment! I have witnessed several colleagues of mine in campus publically drinking and smoking in their â€Å"hide zones† that are apparently not so hidden. From a personal sober point of view, alcohol and drugs use should be banned from campuses considering the fact that these are the institutions that the society has confidence in molding the future leaders. I envision walking inside campus environment without the somewhat ugly scenes of drunken students, or students getting high on drugs before attending lectures. I believe this is achievable with a well-organized plan, which would be to ban all the suppliers and cartels that avail these products within the campus environment. Campus administration should also design, implement, and enforce a set of

A good ruler Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A good ruler - Essay Example Krishna derives his code of conduct from the ancient Hindu tradition of Varna Dharma, which was an extension of the caste-system followed in India. According to this system, members of each of the four castes have their own social roles to perform1. Striving to fulfill these roles without questioning them is considered a virtue. Arjuna, having born into the Kshatriya caste (the warriors and rulers) is expected to fight the righteous battle, even if his opponents are his own cousins and eventually one of them might be killed. The people across the battlefield, waiting to confront Arjuna2 with swords, arrows and spears are people like Bhishma and Dhronacharya3, the former being his uncle and the latter his teacher. Not only were they elderly and respectable individuals but were also related by blood. The other contenders were the hundred odd sons of King Dhritirashtra, Arjuna’s father’s own brother4. Indeed, the dilemma and confusion that set in Arjuna’s mind were understandable. It is at this juncture that Lord Krishna consoles Arjuna by extolling to him the virtues of performing one’s designated duties. The duty (dharma) for a warrior prince is to defend his side from enemies. If Arjuna did not carry out this noble calling of his caste, then he will neither achieve peace in this lifetime for his own warring cousins will bring about his death, nor will he attain peace in the afterlife due to the digression of not having performed his duty. As per the code of conduct prescribed by Varna Dharma, a Kshatriya (warrior) should not hesitate to kill his own brother if the latter is wrong. Arjuna, the warrior prince is impelled to decimate those forces that are devious and corrupt. In the war of Kurushetra, the devious and corrupt forces have assumed the form of his Kaurava cousin brothers and hence Arjuna should not express such sentimental notions which are unbecoming of his caste. When Arjuna doubts the very necessity of this war, Krishna

Internet of Things-Smart Home Literature review

Internet of Things-Smart Home - Literature review Example uniqueness in home appliances such as security cameras, utility meters, thermostats, Blu-ray players and TVs, rather than a feature for the mass-market. As the world moves into a future where connectivity is pervasive and embedded in virtually every household device, this view will become out-dated. According to many analysts, the future smart home is likely to hold between 15 and 30 connected devices and sensors, all linked through a home network and related to service providers’ systems as well as the internet. The array of connected devices will range from usual household appliances through electric vehicle charging infrastructure and solar panels that consume as well as generate electricity. It is expected that the combined revenues from the home energy management (HEM), home automation and smart metering segments will be worth over $44 billion as at 2016. However, the overall potential of the smart home is expected to be considerably greater as devices from the health, ho me security, and entertainment sectors also become connected (Groupe Speciale Mobile Association [GSMA], 2011). This paper aims to undertake a critical review on the smart home. Precisely, this paper shall undertake a review of the smart home techniques that are currently in use, the communication techniques, and the boards used. This paper shall further review the currently used boards against the Teensy board, Adafruit CC3000 board, and an Arduino board with yun processor. Smart Home is a term used to refer to a residence that utilizes a home controller to integrate the different household automation systems within the residence (Robles & Kim, 2010). According to Levy, Taga, Saadoun & Riegel (2012), the Smart Home market consists of four main segments that include home automation/security, home assistance, home cloud, and e-Health. Levy et al (2012) point out that home automation is the centralization on a unique user interface of five major home systems. These include home utility and

Tuskegee syphilis experiment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Tuskegee syphilis experiment - Essay Example Search the internet for a site that you find useful and provide the link to your classmates. Along with the link, give a brief synopsis of why you chose this site (i.e., what it contains, why it's useful). One of the most important and highly useful websites in the field of immunology is www.iuisonline.org. It contains the information on activities of International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS) related to the research and basic information on immunology. IUIS is the umbrella organization for many of the regional and national societies of immunology through out the world. This site is useful in providing information on organizing international cooperation on immunology, and in providing communication between immunology and its allied branches. It also helps in coordinating various societies of the world working in the area of immunology. 1. What was the Tuskegee Syphilis Study What was the original study aim What did the study end up being about How many people were enrolled How many were alive at the end What were the major ethical issues surrounding this study The Tuskegee syphilis study was a medical clin... The main aim of this study was to study the treatment, natural history, response and biological changes exhibited by patients suffering from syphilis disease with out intimating them the original reason of study. The patients were intentionally not given the treatment for curing syphilis. The study ended in 1972 after 40 years with the reporting of responses of patients suffering from syphilis. However it became controversial with the report of New York Times in 1972 regarding unethical issues and because of which the study was stopped. 600 black men (African American sharecroppers) were enrolled under this study out of which 400 people were suffering from syphilis and 200 people were free from syphilis. It was reported that only 74 of the test subjects survived, and others died and the disease was spread to their wives and children. The main ethical issues surrounding the study are as follows: (a) The patients were not given information on the original purpose of medical study and their consent was not taken. (b) There was a forceful non-treatment for syphilis even though pencillin was invented in 1940s which is very effective against syphilis. (c) The wives and children of black men were also affected, even then the truth was not disclosed. 2. What is the name of the virus that causes AIDS In relatively general terms, how does that virus cause AIDS The name of the virus causing AIDS is Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). It has 2 forms i.e. HIV1 and HIV2 out of which HIV1 is more virulent and pandemic strain of HIV. Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) is considered to be the origin of HIV. SIVcpz is the form SIV present in chimpanzee. It is reported that the

The Arab Israel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Arab Israel - Essay Example Therefore, it means that the Palestinians who were forced to run away from their homes should not be refused from going back there. The Israeli government had accepted to comply with the United Nation’s Resolution 194 in which it was told to allow the Palestinian refugees to go back and live in their homes. The right to return law is internationally binding and should be respected by all the countries including Israel. The Palestinian refugees in Syria are facing lots of problems which can only be solved if they are given rights to go back to their own homes. In conclusion, the Plestinian refugees, just like any other, have right of return rights which should be implemented. It is the best way through which they can be saved from the hunger, lack of medical care and sufferings in the refugee camps in Syria. The Israeli government should forget about its demographic wars and instead help these refugees. After all, it should accept responsibility for their

Qualitative Research Paper B Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Qualitative Research Paper B - Essay Example We are surrounded by data everywhere. Our lives are influenced by data pertaining to the things we feel and see, the things we eat, the different things that we think about as also the constitution of our surroundings. Apart from this data that seems to engulf our lives, there is a separate class of data that one obtains as part of the quest to find answers to a specific question. In doing so, the efforts is often left with so much data that it is sometimes hard to ultimately determine the purpose for which the data has been collected let alone think of ways to analyze the collected data. What separates the data from information is the usefulness of the former, where analysis of data helps turn it or its subsequent outcomes into information. It is this information that helps one determine answers to questions and phenomenon that demands a structured effort. A question and its associated material that is being analyzed can be looked at from several perspectives. General forms of data and research analysis have always looked at answering the what, whom and where dimensions of the question and such an approach is hence known as quantitative approach as it tries to analyze quantifiable and measurable parameters. Nevertheless, many questions also arise with respect to why and how things occur. Answering questions determining the ‘why’ and ‘how’ of a phenomenon requires the analysis to take an approach that analyzes the answers across several subjects and disciplines and helps arrive at a thorough understanding. This form of research is trying to ascertain the quality associated with a phenomenon and is hence known as qualitative analysis. Qualitative analysis is a very simple technique at undertaking research and consists of three essential parts. These components that are named noticing, collecting and thinking are highly interactive and follow a