The effects and implications of using ergogenic aids for exercise and sports performance

end-to-end the history of sport, ergogenic aids strike always been taken to enhance action at sport. However, in to a greater extent recent times physiological companionship has modifyd and there be some(prenominal) to a greater extent ergogenic aids bonny available for athletes. Some of these aids atomic number 18 sanctioned and some atomic number 18 illegal. therefore, when working as a coach, it is important to neck which ar legal and which are illegal so that you dope avoid any endangerment of your athlete organismness prosecuted.One ergogenic aid that is prohibited is logical argument doping. This entrust involves the athletes taking a certain amount of blood out of their tree trunk and frozen. Their bodies depart then make up for this blood loss and later on that process is fatten out, the blood that they alsok out is injected back into them. This process has a substantiating font on sports performance as the consider of red blood cells in your bod y is increased. Blood doping is most commonly utilise by endurance athletes, much(prenominal) as distance runners, skiers and cyclists. By increasing the number of red blood cells within the blood, prouder(prenominal) volumes of haemoglobin are present. hemoglobin binds to and carries Oxygen from the lungs and to the muscles where it can be used for aerophilous respiration. Blood doping then allows spear carrier Oxygen to be transported to the working muscles, resulting in a higher level of performance, without the use of the anaerobic energy systems.However, there are in addition many side set up to blood doping. Re injecting blood can movement many problems. Firstly it can easily try transmission to the athlete which can result in nerve centre problems such as a content attack. It can in like port cause blood clots in the body which can be fatal, jaundice which is the skin, eyes and body fluids tour yellow.One standard of blood doping being used was at the wintert ime Olympics. Six Austrian skiers had all been found to be development to using blood doping in an attempt to improve in the cross field skiing point. The skiers were called Wolfgang Perner and Wolfgang Rottmann and the cross-country skiers Martin Tauber, Jurgen Pinter, Johannes Eder, Roland Diethart and Christian Hoffmann. This particular event is an aerobic event as it lasts for a long time, with the competitors portion outing huge distances. in that respectfore the extra red blood cells in their bodies would have meant that they were able to go on much longer and faster than they would normally be able to. As a punishment, all six skiers were banned for life from the OlympicsA reciprocal ohm example of a prohibited ergogenic aid in sport is diuretics. Diuretics are banned in sports because they can second with free cargo loss and could also be used to speed up the elimination of drugs from the system. This can be really helpful to athletes competing in many different sp orts such as boxing, horse racing or rowing. One example would be a boxer that has put on weight between fights and is therefore too heavy for the weight category they are fighting in. Diuretics would help them to nod off weight much more quickly than by natural centre and they would be able to pass the weigh in.They help the sportsperson lose weight by increasing the volume of urine produced by promoting the excretion of salts and body of pissing from the kidney. This results in them losing a lot of peeing finished urine, which causes them to lose weight very quickly. The second reason they are banned is, if you take a banned substance that is excreted through urine, it could speed up the elimination of drugs from the system. If it is being used in this way, it is non so much an aid to improve performance but could cover up for another prohibited aid.There are two main side effects to diuretics that damage a persons performance levels in sport. The first of these is dehydrat ion. Diuretics work by removing all purposeless water and this means that dehydration often occurs. This will immediately have an effect on sports performance. Firstly, blood will become thicker and therefore more difficult to pump around the body, resulting in less type O being carried through the blood to the muscles. The body will then overheat callable to an inability to sweat because of dehydration. Finally, Waste products such as lactic tart are not discreeted due to water conversation. A second effect on sports performance is muscles weakening, which is very important for sports people such as boxers. This is due to the poor blood supply to muscles.An example of the consequences that diuretics can cause is in boxers. They used to have the weigh in on the twenty-four hours of the fight. This meant that any boxer using diuretics would have to use them on the alike(p) day as they were fighting. The diuretics would get rid of any excess water in the body but the problem was that it took away the layer of water between the skull and the brain. This layer of liquid protects the brain from hitting the side of the skull when knocked. Therefore, without this protection, many boxers developed brain damage after eld of boxing. some other prohibited ergogenic aid is beta blockers. Beta blockers are banned in many sports due to their ability to slow the heart rate. It is precision sports such as snooker, darts and diving that they improve performance in as they give you more oblige over slight movements.Beta blockers are normally given for the treatment of angina, high blood pressure, irregular heart beats or following a heart attack. They act by interfering and inhibiting certain nerve impulses being transmitted through the tense system. They act by reducing the demand of oxygen required by the heart, lower heart rate and reduce the production of adrenalin.There are many viable side-effects of these drugs, but some people may not suffer from any. Possible effects include dizziness and fainting caused by the medications arduous heart rate too much and blood vessels can determine causing cold and pale fingers and toes.On the other hand, there are also permitted ergogenic aids. This means that they can improve sports performance, but are settle down allowed by governing bodies of sports. One example of this is altitude fosterage. superlative gentility is very useful to any sports people that are competing in aerobic events. Many long distance runners either come from countries at high altitude or move there to train.Altitude readiness works because when the athlete trains at high altitude, there is very little oxygen in the air. The body soon adapts to this change of oxygen available and produces more red blood cells than normal. This means that there is increased haemoglobin levels in the blood that arent lost when the athlete returns back to lower altitude to compete. These effects usually last for about two weeks after altitu de training and result in much better endurance levels.There are very few side effects to altitude training as long as athletes do not over train themselves at altitude. It has been scientifically proven to have positive effects on performance.Altitude training is proven to have a positive effect on clean-living performance b the Kenyan long distance runners. For years they have dominated all long distance running events. Kenya is at a very high altitude and the effects that the athletes get from training in their home country is proven in the times on the track.Another permitted ergogenic aid is psychological techniques. The increased stress of competitions can cause athletes to react both physically and mentally in a manner that can negatively affect their performance abilities. They may become tense, their heart rates race, break into sweat, worry about the outcome of the competition or find it hard to concentrate on the task in hand.There are many different psychological techni ques that can be used to combat these effects on the body. These include imagery techniques, relaxation techniques and finale setting. There are three psychological factors which athletes must have hear over to improve performance. These are confidence, control and commitment.Confidence is improved through mental imagery. Using imagery, the athlete is able to imagine a foregoing good performance, remembering how they felt and acted. It also allows you to imagine yourself winning at the end, feeling like you have already been in the same speckle and improving confidence. Control is improved through relaxation techniques. An example of a relaxation technique is through meditation. If athletes complete meditation before competing, they will be able to be much more relaxed and have control over what they are doing. The final technique that athletes can use is design setting, which can improve commitment in sport. If they are given something to contain for, with multiple small aims along the way, they are more likely to complete any objectives they have.There are no side effects to psychological techniques as long as they have the necessary skills to complete them.An example of psychological skills improving performance in sport is through knot Wilkinson. Whenever he is kicking a conversion, he pictures an elderly woman rest at the other side of the goal posts that catches the ball. This improves confidence and concentration as it makes the task at hand seem much simpler.One of the very few drugs that is allowed my governing bodies of all sports is paracetamol. These have been seen to not improve sporting performance and therefore are not banned. However, they could be used to help a performance in certain sports.Paracetamol work as incommode in the neck killers. Therefore, any sport that requires its participants to go through pain may pull in from paracetamol. One example of a sport where athletes go through pain in is boxing. If boxers took some parac etamol before going out to fight, it is possible that it will help cover some of the pain when they are acquiring punched. They are most commonly used for aches such as manoeuvre aches so they may also stop the boxers from getting gunpoint aches after being punched.It is not just contact sports however that learn with aches and pains. Nearly all sports at the top level require its participants to vim their bodies to their absolute limit and through the pain barrier. A sport such as long distance running for example will cause a lot of aches on the athletes body and paracetamol will help cover these.There are very few side effects to paracetamol as they are widely used by everyone to stop pains. This means that we know more about the dangers than we would of a new drug that may be illegal, as it is used by less people. The only danger would be if the athlete took an overdose which could cause serious problems or be fatal.